Ion Channels and Transporters Flashcards
Central dogma of biology: 3 processes
- DNA synthesis through replication
- RNA synthesis through transcription
- Protein synthesis through translation
Difference between DNA and RNA in terms of number of strands
DNA: double-stranded
RNA: single stranded
Type of RNA used to make protein
mRNA
Building blocks of DNA and RNA are called ____.
Nucleotides
Building blocks of proteins are called ____.
Amino acids
A small protein is called a ____.
Peptide
What is the same for all amino acids?
Backbone
How are amino acids linked in a protein?
Covalent bonds
3 basic types of amino acid side chains
Neutral (non-polar), charged, polar
Interactions among amino acid ____ ____ drives folding of protein.
Side chains
How does the aqueous environment of the cell drive the folding of proteins?
Proteins will fold such that their polar side chains are on the outside and non-polar side chains are on the inside
Secondary structure of amino acid involves ____ driven entirely by ___ ____ sequence
Folding
Amino acid
How tertiary structure differs from secondary structure
Folding is more complicated
What type of secondary structure makes good transmembrane proteins?
Alpha helices
Domain definition
Functional unit of protein
Domains are from the same _____, so they are from the same ____.
Protein
Gene
If domains were separated, would each one retain its function?
Yes
In an alpha helix, the ____ side chains are on one side and the ____ side chains are on the other
Polar
Charged
Primary structure of a protein is determined by what?
Sequence of amino acids
What causes the alpha helix shape?
Interaction of side chains
How many alpha helices combine to form a pore? What does the pore allow?
5
Ions to pass through
Can a protein subunit fold on its own? Does it have full function on its own? Why or why not?
Yes
No- needs to associate with other protein(s)
When subunits interacting are the same, it is called ____.
Oligomerization
Quaternary structure is due to what?
Multiple subunits associating with each other to form functional protein