Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

Central nervous system components (2)

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system components (2)

Answer 2

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Question 3

About how many neurons in the human brain?

Answer 3

Over 86 billion

Question 4

2 types of cells in nervous system

Answer 4

Neurons

Glia

Question 5

Dendrite function

Answer 5

Receive signals

Question 6

Soma function

Answer 6

Integrate signal

Question 7

Axon function

Answer 7

Send signal

Question 8

How many axon(s) does a neuron have?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

Relatively speaking, how many dendrite(s) does a neuron have?

Answer 9

More than 1

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

Point of contact between neurons

Question 11

Post-synaptic: dendrite or axon?

Answer 11

Dendrite

Question 12

Pre-synaptic: dendrite or axon?

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

Synaptic cleft

Answer 13

Space between axon and dendrite

Question 14

Soma

Answer 14

Neuron cell body

Question 15

Axon hillock

Answer 15

Site of action potential initiation

Question 16

Golgi

Answer 16

Protein packaging and delivery

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum: what is it, what is synthesized there

Answer 17

Processing center

Synthesized: proteins (rough), lipids (smooth)

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Command center

DNA replication and transcription

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

Protein synthesis

Question 20

5 ways neurons are classified

Answer 20

Location
Connections
Morphology
Functionality
Gene expression

Question 21

Projection neuron: definition and example

Answer 21

Neuron that has dendrites and cell body in one region, but axon projects to and synapses in another region (ex: motor neuron- cell body in spinal cord, synapses on muscle)

Question 22

Efferent

Answer 22

Exiting from

Ex: motor neuron is efferent from spinal cord

Question 23

Afferent

Answer 23

Going to

Ex: motor neuron is afferent to muscle

Question 24

Interneurons

Answer 24

Receive and send signals in the same region

Question 25

Example of interneuron

Answer 25

Inhibitory interneurons in spinal cord

Question 26

Excitatory

Answer 26

Activates neuron it synapses on

Question 27

Inhibitory

Answer 27

Reduces activity of neuron it synapses on

Question 28

Can projection neurons and interneurons be excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

Answer 28

Both

Question 29

Unipolar neuron

Answer 29

Soma with 1 neurite/process (has branches, but not well defined)

Question 30

Pseudo-bipolar or pseudo-monopolar neuron

Answer 30

Axon has split into 2 branches: soma is attached at the side

Question 31

Bipolar neuron

Answer 31

Soma with 2 extensions: 1 axon and 1 dendrite

Question 32

Multipolar neuron

Answer 32

Most common type of neuron | 1 axon, more than 1 dendrite

Question 33

Which is more numerous, glia or neurons? How many times more of one than the other?

Answer 33

Glia: 10-50 times more than neurons

Question 34

Glia functions (5): regulate ____ ____ around neuron, ____ and ____, _____ neuron ______, ___ neurons, recycle _____

Answer 34

``` Regulate chemical environment around neuron Repair and regeneration Support/stabilize neuron organization Feed neurons Recycle neurotransmitters ```

Question 35

Function of myelination

Answer 35

Increase action potential conduction velocity

Question 36

2 types of glial cells that are involved in myelination

Answer 36

``` Oligodendrocytes (CNS) Schwann cells (PNS) ```

Question 37

2 types of glial cells that protect from infection and damage

Answer 37

Astrocytes | Microglia

Question 38

What is the specific role of astrocytes?

Answer 38

Form blood-brain barrier

Question 39

What is the specific role of microglia?

Answer 39

Scavenge dead cells

Question 40

Tripartite synapse

Answer 40

Astroglia surround the synapse and play a role in synaptic function