Introduction to Medical Microbiology 1

Question 1

<p>What are possible infecting agents?</p>

<p></p>

Answer 1

<p>Bacteria</p>

<p>Viruses</p>

<p>Fungi</p>

<p>Parasites</p>

<p>Prions</p>

Question 2

<p>What are the two areas of the body in terms of organisms?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Sterile and non-sterile</p>

Question 3

<p>What is a sterile site?</p>

Answer 3

<p>One which normally does not have infection</p>

Question 4

<p>What is a non-sterile sites?</p>

Answer 4

<p>One which has some degree of harmless infection, usually associated with the outside world</p>

Question 5

<p>What are examples of sterile sites?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Blood</p>

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p>

<p>Lung</p>

<p>Bladder</p>

Question 6

<p>What are examples of non-sterile sites?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Skin</p>

<p>Nasopharynx</p>

<p>Urethra</p>

<p>Gut</p>

Question 7

<p>Which kind of sites is easier to diagnose a harmful infection?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Sterile sites because you are not expecting to find anything there</p>

Question 8

<p>What are some common speciments collected for bacterial culture?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Mid-stream urine (urinary tract infection)</p>

<p>Sputum (chest infection)</p>

<p>Throat swab (tonsillitis)</p>

<p>Swab or pus (wound or site of infection)</p>

<p>Faeces (diarrhoea)</p>

<p>Blood culture (bacteraemia)</p>

<p>Cerebro-spinal fluid (meningitis)</p>

Question 9

<p>What are different ways of looking for pathogens?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Microscopy</p>

<p>Gram stain and microscopy</p>

<p>Bacterial culture</p>

Question 10

<p>In what site does microscopy work well?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Sterile sites but not non-sterile sites</p>

Question 11

<p>What can microscopes not see?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Viruses, they are too small</p>

Question 12

<p>What can unstained microscopy see?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Pus cells (in urine)</p>

<p>Parasites (in faeces)</p>

Question 13

<p>What is stained microscopy used to see?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Yeasts</p>

<p>Fungi</p>

Question 14

<p>How can flourescent bacteria be seen?</p>

Answer 14

<p>By using flourescent staining such as auramine. such as for mycobacteria</p>

Question 15

<p>What does gram staining identify?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Whether the bacteria is gram negative or gram positive</p>

Question 16

<p>How does gram negative bacteria appear when gram staining?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Pale red</p>

Question 17

<p>How does gram positive appear when gram staining?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Dark purple</p>

Question 18

<p>What is an advantage of microscopy?</p>

Answer 18

<p>It is quick</p>

Question 19

<p>What can gram staining not identify?</p>

Answer 19

<p>The specific speices present</p>

Question 20

<p>What does gram staining not being 'sensitive' mean?</p>

Answer 20

<p>There needs to be lots of bacteria present for it to work</p>

Question 21

<p>What are properties of bacterial culture?</p>

Answer 21

<p>It is slow</p>

<p>It is sensitive (do not need lots of bacteria)</p>

Question 22

<p>What can be changed in a bacterial culture?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Culture conditions to promote the growth of certain species</p>

Question 23

<p>What are things that can be controlled in a bacterial culture?</p>

Answer 23

<p>Type of media (selective/non-selective)</p>

<p>Atmosphere</p>

<p>Temperature</p>

<p>Duration of incubation</p>

Question 24

<p>What are observable characteristics that can be used to identify a species?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Morphological</p>

<p>Physiological</p>

<p>Biochemical</p>

Question 25

<p>What distinguishes strains within a species?</p>

Answer 25

<p>Typing</p>

Question 26

<p>How can viral infections be diagnosed?</p>

Answer 26

<p>Molecular methods (such as real time PCR)</p>

<p>Antigen detection</p>

<p>Serology</p>

<p>Electron microscopy</p>

<p>Cell or tissue culture</p>

Question 27

<p>What is not really used now for detecting viruses?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Electron microscopy</p>

<p>Cell or tissue culture</p>

Question 28

<p>What is serology?</p>

Answer 28

<p>Detecting antibodies that the patient has produced against the virus</p>

Question 29

<p>What are the 3 classes of parasites?</p>

Answer 29

<p>Protozoa</p>

<p>Helminths (worms)</p>

<p>Arthropods</p>

Question 30

<p>What are examples of protozoa?</p>

Answer 30

<p>Malaria</p>

<p>Amoebae</p>

<p>Flagellates</p>

Question 31

<p>What are examples of helminths?</p>

Answer 31

<p>Roundwormm</p>

<p>Tapeworm</p>

<p>Flukes</p>

Question 32

<p>What are examples of arthropods?</p>

Answer 32

<p>Lice</p>

<p>Ticks</p>

<p>Mites</p>

Question 33

<p>What is normally used to diagnose parasites?</p>

Answer 33

<p>Microscopy</p>

Question 34

<p>What is looked for when diagnosing parasites?</p>

Answer 34

<p>Parasites</p>

<p>Cysts</p>

<p>Ova</p>

Question 35

<p>What is rarely possible and what is sometimes useful for diagnosing parasites?</p>

Answer 35

<p>Culture is rarely possible and serology is sometimes useful</p>

Question 36

<p>What is a healthcare acquired infeciton?</p>

Answer 36

<p>An infection that is acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility</p>

Question 37

<p>What are examples of common healthcare acquired infections?</p>

Answer 37

<p>MRSA</p>

<p>Clostidium difficile</p>

<p>B-lactamases</p>

<p>Noroviruses</p>

Question 38

<p>What is antibacterial resistance?</p>

Answer 38

<p>The ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat that microbe</p>

Question 39

<p>What are we currently experiencing in terms of antibiotics?</p>

Answer 39

<p>A discovery void</p>

Question 40

<p>What are examples of basic infection control?</p>

Answer 40

<p>Wash hands before touching the patient</p>

<p>Wash hands between patients</p>

<p>Swab stethoscope between patients</p>

<p>Isolate infectious patients in single rooms</p>