Diagnostic Techniques COPY Flashcards

1
Q

How many diagnoses involve pathology

A

Over 70%

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2
Q

How many different disciplines make up pathology

A

23

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3
Q

Name some disciplines of pathology

A
Genetics
Medical microbiology
Virology
Haematology
Clinical biochemistry
Histopathology
Immunology
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4
Q

What is clinical biochemistry

A

The study of changes in chemical composition of body fluids in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease processes.

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5
Q

What is immunology

A

The study of the body’s immune system and its disorders

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6
Q

What is microbiology

A

The study of infection caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses
Identification of the best treatment options for infection
The monitoring of antibiotic resistance
It also includes testing for how well a patient is responding to treatment of infection

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7
Q

What is haematology

A

The study of blood cells

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8
Q

What is histopathology (cyto)

A

The study of diseased tissue/cells

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9
Q

What is genetics

A

The study of DNA and its relation to genetically transmitted disorders

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10
Q

Why should lab tests be used

A
For:
Screening
Diagnosis
Monitoring
Prognosis

It informs a clinical decision

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11
Q

What is screening

A

Detection of sub-clinical disease

e.g. Neonatal Screening for PKU, Cervical Smear for cervical cancer

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12
Q

What is diagnosis

A

Confirmation or rejection of clinical diagnosis

e.g. Measurement of urea and creatinine for ?renal failure, Biopsy for ?lung cancer

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13
Q

What is monitoring

A

Natural history or response to treatment

e.g. Measurement of CRP to see if an infection is resolving, Measuring CD4 and viral load for HIV monitoring

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14
Q

What is prognosis

A

Prediction of course or outcome of the disease

e.g. Tumour markers

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15
Q

What essential information is required for a lab diagnosis

A
Full ten digit CHI number 
Patient’s surname 
Patient’s forename 
Date of birth
Specimen type 
Anatomical site 
Investigations required 
Date and time of collection
Relevant clinical history
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16
Q

What is POCT

A

POCT is laboratory testing performed in the clinical setting by non-laboratory healthcare professionals

17
Q

What type of tests could a POCT be

A

Blood gases
Blood glucose
Urine dip-sticks
Urine analysis

18
Q

Why is POCT useful

A

Smaller sample volumes
Less clinically invasive
Improved turnaround time
Potential for better monitoring of certain conditions

19
Q

How can POCT be used in outpatient settings

A

POCT results can be used to adjust patient’s medication resulting in less frequent clinic appointments

20
Q

What does POCT stand for

A

Point of care testing