Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 4: D & D > Introduction to Human Parasites: Protozoa and Helminths > Flashcards

Introduction to Human Parasites: Protozoa and Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

A parasite is ______.

A

an organism which lives upon or within another living organism at whose expense it obtains some advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are protozoa?

A

unicellular eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Metazoa are?

A

multicellular eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are helminths?

A

worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an arthropod?

A

insect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A _____ is an organism which lives upon or within another living organism at whose expense it obtains some advantage.

A

parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definitive host?

A

species in which the parasite undergoes sexual replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are unicellular eukaryotes called?

A

protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The species in which asexual replication of the parasite occurs is called?

A

an intermediate host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are multicellular eukaryotes called?

A

metazoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an insect called?

A

arthropod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are worms called?

A

helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The species in which the parasite undergoes sexual replication is called the ____.

A

definitive host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an intermediate host?

A

species in which asexual replication of a parasite occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is tropism?

A

the ability to affect a certain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For parasitic diseases, diagnosis is often made by ____ of the parasites in specimens or biopsy materials collected directly from patients.

A

direct examination

17
Q

Name the 3 pathologic helminth groups in humans.

A
  1. Roundworms/Nematodes
  2. Flatworms/Trematodes/Flukes
  3. Tapeworms/Cestodes
18
Q

The protozoan parasites in humans include ____, ____, ____, _____, and _____.

A
  1. amebas
  2. flagellates
  3. ciliates
  4. sporozoa
  5. microsporidia
19
Q

Schistosomiasis features

A
  1. transmitted via fresh water
  2. intestinal or urinary manifestations
  3. 2nd only to malaria in #
  4. mostly sub-Saharan Africa
  5. trematodes/flatworms
  6. complex life cycle
20
Q

Describe the schistosome life cycle.

A
  1. infected humans shed eggs in urine or feces
  2. eggs in water release miracidia, which infect snails
  3. mircidia grow into cercariae, which penetrate human skin
  4. cercariae mature into worms w/I the human venous system, where they mate
  5. eggs circulate blood and are released into intestines or bladder
21
Q

Cercariae invading the skin can cause ____ within 2-3 days.

A

dermatitis (swimmers itch)

22
Q

What is another name for the acute phase of schistosomiasis? When does it occur?

A

Katayama fever; 4-8 weeks post skin invasion

23
Q

In which body sites are granulomatous and fibrotic changes seen from schistosomiasis? Why?

A

the liver and/or bladder; from EOS infiltrating the inf. area

24
Q

What is the most important parasitic disease?

A

malaria

25
Q

What is the genus that causes Malaria in humans? Name the 4 species.

A

Plasmodium; 1. vivax 2. ovale 3. malariae 4.q falciparum

26
Q

Describe the malaria parasite life cycle.

A
  1. infected mosquito bites human, injecting sporozoites into the blood
  2. asexual phase of development (schizogony) occurs in liver
  3. Next, merozoites are released into the blood to infect
    erythrocytes and undergo additional asexual replication
    *** sexual phase is completed in mosquito w/I salivary gland
27
Q

The symptoms of malaria are primarily associated with the _____ and release of merozoites.

A

rupture of infected erythrocytes

28
Q

What physical exam findings will be seen in a Malaria pts?

A

jaundice, hypotension, tachycardia, fever, hepatosplenomegaly

29
Q

What is the major cause of death in Malaria pts?

A

multi-organ failure

30
Q

With _____ infections, immune complex deposition

leading to glomerulonephritis is common.

A

P. malariae

31
Q

The diagnosis of malaria is usually established by detecting _____ in stained thick or thin blood films.

A

the asexual forms of the parasites

32
Q

_____–caused Malaria is widely distributed from

tropical to temperate zones, but _____ occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics.

A

P. vivax; P. falciparum

33
Q

Name 4 diseases that confer resistance to Malaria but are otherwise bad news.

A
  1. sickle cell anemia
  2. thalassemias
  3. G6PD deficiency
  4. ovalocytosis
34
Q

Which allele is assoc. with recovery from falciparum malaria?

A

HLA-B53

35
Q

With P. malariae infections, _____ leading to glomerulonephritis is common.

A

immune complex deposition

36
Q

What is ascites?

A

fluid that distends the abdomen

37
Q

What are some RBC changes seen in F. malaria infected cells?

A

membrane protrubances (knobs) containing PfEMP1 adhesive protein, which allow attachment to BVs and other RBCs

38
Q

Acquired immunity against malaria prevents ____ but does not ____.

A

high-level disease; prevent infection

39
Q

Malarial immunity declines when ____.

A

pt lives outside of an endemic area for an extended period of time

Unit 4: D & D (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions