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Unit 4: D & D > Dermis and Adnexal Structures > Flashcards

Dermis and Adnexal Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

The synthesized collagen proteins are ____ and then are assembled into collagen fibrils.

A

secreted

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1
Q

What is an eccrine gland?

A

generic sweat gland

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2
Q

Name an acquired disorder of elastin.

A

solar elastosis

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2
Q

What are apoeccrine gland?

A

modified sweat glands found only in the axilla

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4
Q

Name the 2 layers of the dermis.

A
  1. papillary dermis 2. reticular dermis
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4
Q

The dermal matrix is synthesized by ____.

A

dermal fibroblasts

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5
Q

What is hyperhidrosis?

A

excessive sweating

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6
Q

What are the adnexal structures?

A

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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6
Q

____ is synthesized by fibroblasts and cleaved enzymatically by _____; the final product is ___.

A

Procollagen; tropocollagen; collagen

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7
Q

How does pruritis work?

A

originates in free nerve endings conducted centripetally by afferent nerves entering dorsal root on small, unmyelinated C fibers synapse w/ 2a neurons on opposite side of the body interpreted by cerebral cortex

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8
Q

Type III collagen description?

A

fetal dermis; resistant to scar formation

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9
Q

What is the most important cofactors for collagen assembly?

A

vitamin C

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10
Q

What is another name for skin appendages?

A

adnexal structures

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11
Q

What are verruca?

A

warts

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12
Q

What is a free nerve ending?

A

nerves that pass thru the upper dermis to the dermo-epidermal junction involved in pain and itching

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13
Q

Name an external skin finding in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

A

flexural areas have “plucked chicken” appearance (increased skin redundancy)

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14
Q

Procollagen is synthesized intracellularly within ____.

A

fibroblasts

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15
Q

Type IV collagen description?

A

basement membrane; problem in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

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16
Q

_____ is pure hyaluronic acid produced via recombinant technology used cosmetically to remove lines and wrinkles

A

Restylane

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16
Q

What is a Pascinian corpuscle?

A

pressure and vibration receptors

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17
Q

What are terminal hairs?

A

large, thick, course, and pigmented

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18
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

glands only found in axillary and anogenital area for 2a sexual characteristics and function

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20
Q

What are the features of scurvy?

A
  1. wounds fail to heal 2. corkscrew hairs 3. fragile BVs/perifollicular hemorrhage 4. teeth fall out
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20
Q

What is ground substance?

A

gelatinous material btw the collagen and elastin consisting of hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulphate (GAGs)

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21
Q

What is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit?

A

acne

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22
Q

What is a pilosebaceous unit?

A

the combined hair follicle and oil glands

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23
Q

Sebaceous glands are the classic example of a ____ in that the method of secretion involved entire sebocytes (sebaceous gland cells) being secreted and in the process breaking-down to extrude the contents.

A

holocrine gland

24
Q

What is a type II reaction? Example?

A

antibody mediated; bullous pemphigoid (blistering)

24
Q

What are the 2 types of nerve fibers to know?

A
  1. type A- heavily myelinated, fast conduction (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) 2. type C- unmyelinated, slow (diffuse, dull, temperature, itch)
26
Q

What is a Sucquet-Hoyer canal?

A

a smooth muscle derived valve-like structure that allows for control of temperature homeostasis by BVs

27
Q

What muscle causes hairs to stand up?

A

erector pilli

28
Q

What is leukocytoclastic vasculitis?

A

palpable purpura; a disease of the post-capillary venules leading to deposition of immune complexes (type III)

29
Q

What drug decreases sebum secretion?

A

isotretinoin (Accutane)

29
Q

Describe Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

A

a mutation of the EDA gene resulting in aberrant eccrine development, decreased sweating, poor temp regulation, sparse hair, abnormal teeth, etc

31
Q

What is pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)?

A

a mutation in the “multidrug resistance complex” gene, causing elastin in the dermis to become enlarged, tangled, and calcified; purple-blue under histology

32
Q

What is the dermal matrix?

A

the admixture of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and ground substance

32
Q

Palpable purpura is BLANCHABLE/NON-BLANCHABLE.

A

non-blanchable

32
Q

What is the derm term for itching?

A

pruritis

33
Q

What is millaria?

A

prickly heat- blocked sweat ducts- an acquired disorder of eccrine function

35
Q

_____ provide the skin with tensile strength, but ____ provide the skin with resiliency.

A

Collagen fibers; elastic fibers

36
Q

What is solar elastosis?

A

an acquired disorder in which sunlight causes degeneration of elastin, causing them to clump and aggregate; they’re blue/basophilic in microscopy

37
Q

What are the upper third, middle, and lower third of a hair follicle called, respectively?

A

infundibulum isthmus matrical area

38
Q

Eccrine glands are a classic example of a ____ secretion.

A

merocrine

39
Q

Name a genetic disorder of eccrine function.

A

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

41
Q

What happens with vitamin C deficiency?

A

collagen fibers aren’t as strong- Scurvy

42
Q

What is a Meissners corpuscle?

A

fine touch and tactile discrimination

43
Q

Name an inherited disorder of elastin.

A

pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)

46
Q

What is a type III reaction? Example?

A

immune complex mediated; leukocytoclastic vasculitis (palpable purpura)

47
Q

Procollagen consists of _____ of proteins arranged in an α-helical structure.

A

three separate chains

48
Q

What is chromohidrosis?

A

an apocrine gland disorder where the sweat is colored

49
Q

Even though sweating is mediated by the sympathetic portion of the ANS, it is triggered via ______ secretion.

A

acetylcholine

51
Q

The dermis is composed of ____, ____, and _____.

A
  1. collagen 2. elastin 3. ground substance
53
Q

What are intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)?

A

molecules that allow for diapedesis when expressed by binding to WBCs

54
Q

What is anhidrosis?

A

the inability to sweat

55
Q

_____ glands are not derived from the PEG.

A

Eccrine glands

56
Q

What is required for sebum secretion?

A

sex hormones

57
Q

What is a type I reaction? Example?

A

immediate IgE mediated; urticaria (hives)

58
Q

What is Restylane?

A

pure hyaluronic acid produced via recombinant technology used cosmetically to remove lines and wrinkles

59
Q

What is the prominent mode of apocrine secretion?

A

decapitation

60
Q

What is a type IV reaction? Example?

A

delayed type hypersensitivity; allergic contact dermatitis

61
Q

The most common acquired disorder of elastic is ____.

A

solar elastosis

62
Q

Type I collagen description?

A

85% wt. of dermis

63
Q

Type VII collagen description?

A

anchoring fibrils that attach the dermis to the epidermis

64
Q

Name a treatment for hyperhidrosis and how it works.

A

Botox injections to block the secretion of ACh

65
Q

What are vellus hairs?

A

small, fine, apigmented- ear, female face, body

66
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

a disorder of collagen synthesis due to genetic defects characterized by: 1. hyperflexible skin 2. joints hypermobile 3. fragile tissues 4. poor wound healing

Unit 4: D & D (22 decks)

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