Introduction to Anatomy - week 1 Flashcards
define the anatomical position (5 things)
- looking forward
- standing upright
- feet flat on the ground and facing forward
- palms facing outward
- arms either side of body
the anterior view is looking from the ………
front
the posterior view is looking from the……
back
which anatomical plane divides the body into a superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portion?
transverse/horizontal plane
which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right portions? (note - doesn’t have to divide the body down the exact midline)
sagittal plane
which anatomical plane, in the EXACT midline of the body, divides the body into equal left and right portions?
median plane
which anatomical plane divides the body into an anterior (front) and a posterior (behind) portion?
coronal plane
what is another way of saying “superior”?
what is the meaning of this?
cranial
nearer to the head
what is another way of saying inferior?
what is the meaning of this term?
caudal
nearer to feet
what is another way of saying anterior (front)?
ventral
what is another way of saying posterior (behind)?
dorsal
if something is MEDIAL, that means it is nearer to the ……… plane?
median
if something is LATERAL, is it closer or further from the median plane?
further
remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the little finger (fifth digit)?
medial (closer to median plane)
remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the thumb (first digit)?
lateral side (as it is further from the median plane)
which anatomical term is used to describe something which is nearer to the trunk or point of origin, e.g a limb?
proximal
which anatomical term is used to describe something which is farther from the trunk or point of origin?
distal
what is the anatomical term used to describe the dorsal (back) part of the hand or foot?
dorsum
where are veins visible on the hands/feet?
the dorsum (back)
the palm of the hand is also known as the ……. surface?
palmar
the sole of the foot is the ……. surface of the foot?
plantar
if two things are described as CONTRALATERAL, what does it mean in terms of the median plane?
they are on opposite sides of the median plane
if two things are described as IPSILATERAL, what does this mean in terms of the median plane?
they are on the SAME side of the median plane
the liver and the right hand are what?
ipsilateral
the spleen and the right hand are what?
contralateral
where do you draw the midaxillary line?
which anatomical plane is perpendicular to the midaxillary line?
from the end of the clavicle, down through the middle of the armpit
the transverse/horizontal plane
at which vertebrae does the transpyloric plane fall horizontally across?
L1
state the number of vertebrae in each of the sections of the spine (going from superior to inferior)
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
which three regions is the trunk of the body split into?
throracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
what is the name of the opening at th e top of the thoracic cage?
superior thoracic aperture/inlet
where is the superior boundary of the thorax?
the superior thoracic inlet/aperture
what is the inferior boundary of the thorax?
diaphragm (which fills the inferior thoracic aperture)
what is the posterior boundary of the thorax?
T1-12 (thoracic vertebrae)
what is the anterior boundary of the thorax?
costal cartilage and sternum
in a transverse cross section of the thoracic cavity, what sits medially?
what is the area/what sits either side?
the mediastinum
lungs and pleural cavities
the abdomen extends from the…….. superiorly to the ………. ligaments
and to the ……….. inferiorly
diaphragm, inguinal
pelvic brim
in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom on the right/left sides
top: hypochondrium, flank, iliac fossa
in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom down the centre
epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/suprapubic
which three bones is the pelvis made up of?
which bone articulates with the sacrum (part of the vertebral column) POSTERIORLY?
ilium, ischium, pubis
ilium articulates with sacrum
which subdivision of the pelvis lies between the 2 large ilium bones?
the greater (false) pelvis
which subdivision of the pelvis is deep to the pubic bone and inferior to the pelvic inlet?
the lesser (true) pelvis
through which bone does the upper limb attach to the axial skeleton?
scapula
name the 5 sets of joints in the wrist and hand
radio-carpal joint (wrist)
midcarpal joint
carpo-metacarpal joint
metacarpo-phalangeal joint
interphalangeal joint
which arm bone, radius or ulna, connects with the fifth digit (pinky) on each hand?
ulna
name the 4 major functions of the skeleton
protection of major organs
mechanical basis for movement
haemopoeisis (in marrow)
storage of salts in bone
all bones in the body have a uperficial, thin layer of which type of mature/haversian bone?
what does this provide?
compact
strength
which type of mature bone forms the core of most bones?
spongy
why is spongy bone less dense?
has medullary cavities filled with marrow = lighter bones
name the 3 types of cartilage
fibro (articular joints)
hyaline (trachea)
elastic (ear)
define osteomalacia
soft bones, caused by vitamin D deficiency
what is osteoporosis characterised by a decrease in?
what doesn’t change?
bone mass and bone strength
proportion of calcified : uncalcified bone does NOT change
