Introduction to Anatomy - week 1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

define the anatomical position (5 things)

A
  • looking forward
  • standing upright
  • feet flat on the ground and facing forward
  • palms facing outward
  • arms either side of body
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2
Q

the anterior view is looking from the ………

A

front

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3
Q

the posterior view is looking from the……

A

back

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4
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into a superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portion?

A

transverse/horizontal plane

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5
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right portions? (note - doesn’t have to divide the body down the exact midline)

A

sagittal plane

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6
Q

which anatomical plane, in the EXACT midline of the body, divides the body into equal left and right portions?

A

median plane

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7
Q

which anatomical plane divides the body into an anterior (front) and a posterior (behind) portion?

A

coronal plane

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8
Q

what is another way of saying “superior”?

what is the meaning of this?

A

cranial

nearer to the head

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9
Q

what is another way of saying inferior?

what is the meaning of this term?

A

caudal

nearer to feet

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10
Q

what is another way of saying anterior (front)?

A

ventral

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11
Q

what is another way of saying posterior (behind)?

A

dorsal

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12
Q

if something is MEDIAL, that means it is nearer to the ……… plane?

A

median

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13
Q

if something is LATERAL, is it closer or further from the median plane?

A

further

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14
Q

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the little finger (fifth digit)?

A

medial (closer to median plane)

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15
Q

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the thumb (first digit)?

A

lateral side (as it is further from the median plane)

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16
Q

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is nearer to the trunk or point of origin, e.g a limb?

A

proximal

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17
Q

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is farther from the trunk or point of origin?

A

distal

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18
Q

what is the anatomical term used to describe the dorsal (back) part of the hand or foot?

A

dorsum

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19
Q

where are veins visible on the hands/feet?

A

the dorsum (back)

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20
Q

the palm of the hand is also known as the ……. surface?

A

palmar

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21
Q

the sole of the foot is the ……. surface of the foot?

22
Q

if two things are described as CONTRALATERAL, what does it mean in terms of the median plane?

A

they are on opposite sides of the median plane

23
Q

if two things are described as IPSILATERAL, what does this mean in terms of the median plane?

A

they are on the SAME side of the median plane

24
Q

the liver and the right hand are what?

25
the spleen and the right hand are what?
contralateral
26
where do you draw the midaxillary line? which anatomical plane is perpendicular to the midaxillary line?
from the end of the clavicle, down through the middle of the armpit the transverse/horizontal plane
27
at which vertebrae does the transpyloric plane fall horizontally across?
L1
28
state the number of vertebrae in each of the sections of the spine (going from superior to inferior)
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
29
which three regions is the trunk of the body split into?
throracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
30
what is the name of the opening at th e top of the thoracic cage?
superior thoracic aperture/inlet
31
where is the superior boundary of the thorax?
the superior thoracic inlet/aperture
32
what is the inferior boundary of the thorax?
diaphragm (which fills the inferior thoracic aperture)
33
what is the posterior boundary of the thorax?
T1-12 (thoracic vertebrae)
34
what is the anterior boundary of the thorax?
costal cartilage and sternum
35
in a transverse cross section of the thoracic cavity, what sits medially? what is the area/what sits either side?
the mediastinum lungs and pleural cavities
36
the abdomen extends from the........ superiorly to the .......... ligaments and to the ........... inferiorly
diaphragm, inguinal pelvic brim
37
in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom on the right/left sides
top: hypochondrium, flank, iliac fossa
38
in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom down the centre
epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/suprapubic
39
which three bones is the pelvis made up of? which bone articulates with the sacrum (part of the vertebral column) POSTERIORLY?
ilium, ischium, pubis ilium articulates with sacrum
40
which subdivision of the pelvis lies between the 2 large ilium bones?
the greater (false) pelvis
41
which subdivision of the pelvis is deep to the pubic bone and inferior to the pelvic inlet?
the lesser (true) pelvis
42
through which bone does the upper limb attach to the axial skeleton?
scapula
43
name the 5 sets of joints in the wrist and hand
radio-carpal joint (wrist) midcarpal joint carpo-metacarpal joint metacarpo-phalangeal joint interphalangeal joint
44
which arm bone, radius or ulna, connects with the fifth digit (pinky) on each hand?
ulna
45
name the 4 major functions of the skeleton
protection of major organs mechanical basis for movement haemopoeisis (in marrow) storage of salts in bone
46
all bones in the body have a uperficial, thin layer of which type of mature/haversian bone? what does this provide?
compact strength
47
which type of mature bone forms the core of most bones?
spongy
48
why is spongy bone less dense?
has medullary cavities filled with marrow = lighter bones
49
name the 3 types of cartilage
fibro (articular joints) hyaline (trachea) elastic (ear)
50
define osteomalacia
soft bones, caused by vitamin D deficiency
51
what is osteoporosis characterised by a decrease in? what doesn't change?
bone mass and bone strength proportion of calcified : uncalcified bone does NOT change