Introduction to Anatomy - week 1

Question 1

define the anatomical position (5 things)

Answer 1

• looking forward
• standing upright
• feet flat on the ground and facing forward
• palms facing outward
• arms either side of body

Question 2

the anterior view is looking from the ………

Answer 2

front

Question 3

the posterior view is looking from the……

Answer 3

back

Question 4

which anatomical plane divides the body into a superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portion?

Answer 4

transverse/horizontal plane

Question 5

which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right portions? (note - doesn’t have to divide the body down the exact midline)

Answer 5

sagittal plane

Question 6

which anatomical plane, in the EXACT midline of the body, divides the body into equal left and right portions?

Answer 6

median plane

Question 7

which anatomical plane divides the body into an anterior (front) and a posterior (behind) portion?

Answer 7

coronal plane

Question 8

what is another way of saying “superior”?

what is the meaning of this?

Answer 8

cranial

nearer to the head

Question 9

what is another way of saying inferior?

what is the meaning of this term?

Answer 9

caudal

nearer to feet

Question 10

what is another way of saying anterior (front)?

Answer 10

ventral

Question 11

what is another way of saying posterior (behind)?

Answer 11

dorsal

Question 12

if something is MEDIAL, that means it is nearer to the ……… plane?

Answer 12

median

Question 13

if something is LATERAL, is it closer or further from the median plane?

Answer 13

further

Question 14

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the little finger (fifth digit)?

Answer 14

medial (closer to median plane)

Question 15

remembering the anatomical position, on which side of the hand is the thumb (first digit)?

Answer 15

lateral side (as it is further from the median plane)

Question 16

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is nearer to the trunk or point of origin, e.g a limb?

Answer 16

proximal

Question 17

which anatomical term is used to describe something which is farther from the trunk or point of origin?

Answer 17

distal

Question 18

what is the anatomical term used to describe the dorsal (back) part of the hand or foot?

Answer 18

dorsum

Question 19

where are veins visible on the hands/feet?

Answer 19

the dorsum (back)

Question 20

the palm of the hand is also known as the ……. surface?

Answer 20

palmar

Question 21

the sole of the foot is the ……. surface of the foot?

Answer 21

plantar

Question 22

if two things are described as CONTRALATERAL, what does it mean in terms of the median plane?

Answer 22

they are on opposite sides of the median plane

Question 23

if two things are described as IPSILATERAL, what does this mean in terms of the median plane?

Answer 23

they are on the SAME side of the median plane

Question 24

the liver and the right hand are what?

Answer 24

ipsilateral

Question 25

the spleen and the right hand are what?

Answer 25

contralateral

Question 26

where do you draw the midaxillary line? which anatomical plane is perpendicular to the midaxillary line?

Answer 26

from the end of the clavicle, down through the middle of the armpit the transverse/horizontal plane

Question 27

at which vertebrae does the transpyloric plane fall horizontally across?

Answer 27

L1

Question 28

state the number of vertebrae in each of the sections of the spine (going from superior to inferior)

Answer 28

7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal

Question 29

which three regions is the trunk of the body split into?

Answer 29

throracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 30

what is the name of the opening at th e top of the thoracic cage?

Answer 30

superior thoracic aperture/inlet

Question 31

where is the superior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 31

the superior thoracic inlet/aperture

Question 32

what is the inferior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 32

diaphragm (which fills the inferior thoracic aperture)

Question 33

what is the posterior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 33

T1-12 (thoracic vertebrae)

Question 34

what is the anterior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 34

costal cartilage and sternum

Question 35

in a transverse cross section of the thoracic cavity, what sits medially? what is the area/what sits either side?

Answer 35

the mediastinum lungs and pleural cavities

Question 36

the abdomen extends from the........ superiorly to the .......... ligaments and to the ........... inferiorly

Answer 36

diaphragm, inguinal pelvic brim

Question 37

in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom on the right/left sides

Answer 37

top: hypochondrium, flank, iliac fossa

Question 38

in the nine quadrant abdominal model, name the regions going from top to bottom down the centre

Answer 38

epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/suprapubic

Question 39

which three bones is the pelvis made up of? which bone articulates with the sacrum (part of the vertebral column) POSTERIORLY?

Answer 39

ilium, ischium, pubis ilium articulates with sacrum

Question 40

which subdivision of the pelvis lies between the 2 large ilium bones?

Answer 40

the greater (false) pelvis

Question 41

which subdivision of the pelvis is deep to the pubic bone and inferior to the pelvic inlet?

Answer 41

the lesser (true) pelvis

Question 42

through which bone does the upper limb attach to the axial skeleton?

Answer 42

scapula

Question 43

name the 5 sets of joints in the wrist and hand

Answer 43

radio-carpal joint (wrist) midcarpal joint carpo-metacarpal joint metacarpo-phalangeal joint interphalangeal joint

Question 44

which arm bone, radius or ulna, connects with the fifth digit (pinky) on each hand?

Answer 44

ulna

Question 45

name the 4 major functions of the skeleton

Answer 45

protection of major organs mechanical basis for movement haemopoeisis (in marrow) storage of salts in bone

Question 46

all bones in the body have a uperficial, thin layer of which type of mature/haversian bone? what does this provide?

Answer 46

compact strength

Question 47

which type of mature bone forms the core of most bones?

Answer 47

spongy

Question 48

why is spongy bone less dense?

Answer 48

has medullary cavities filled with marrow = lighter bones

Question 49

name the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 49

fibro (articular joints) hyaline (trachea) elastic (ear)

Question 50

define osteomalacia

Answer 50

soft bones, caused by vitamin D deficiency

Question 51

what is osteoporosis characterised by a decrease in? what doesn't change?

Answer 51

bone mass and bone strength proportion of calcified : uncalcified bone does NOT change