Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory Flashcards
is the universally accepted standard
position that scientists and medical professionals use to communicate information concerning parts of the body.
Anatomical Position
3 important things to consider in Anatomical Position
- the body is erect and facing forward
- the arms are straight and at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward
- and the feet are slightly apart, with the toes pointing forward.
other word for anterior
ventral
Directional Terms
anterior, posterior, inferior, superior, distal, proximal, medial, laterial, superficial, deep
Toward the back
posterior
positioned face-down with their head in a neutral position without excessive flexion, extension or rotation; downward.
Prone
the individual is lying on their back, with their face and abdomen facing upwards
Supine
Toward the front
anterior
other word for superior
cranial
Toward the head
superior
other word for inferior
caudal
Toward the tail
inferior
Closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of
medial
Closer to the point of origin
proximal
pertaining to the buttocks
gluteal
Farther away from the point of origin
distal
Farther away from the midline of the body or
a body part; on the outer side of
lateral
pertaining to the abdomen
abdominal
Closer to the surface
superficial
pertaining to the head
cephalic
pertaining to the neck
cervical
pertaining to the back of the body
dorsal
Farther below the surface
deep
pertaining to the lower back
lumbar
pertaining to the groin
inguinal
pertaining to the foot
pedal
pertaining to the palm
palmar
pertaining to the back of the head
occipital
pertaining to the hand
manual
pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic
pertaining to the sole of the foot
plantar
pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee
popliteal
pertaining to the sacrum
sacral
pertaining to the pubis
pubic
pertaining to the nose
nasal
pertaining to the sternum
sternal
pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg
sural
pertaining to the chest
thoracic
pertaining to the spinal column
vertebral
pertaining to the cheek
buccal
pertaining to the cranium
cranial
pertaining to the forehead
frontal
pertaining to the bony eye socket
ocular
pertaining to the chin
mental
pertaining to the mouth
oral
pertaining to the ear
otic
pertaining to the point of the shoulder
acromial
pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow
antecubital
pertaining to the armpit
axillary
pertaining to the forearm
antebrachial
pertaining to the arm
brachial
pertaining to the wrist
carpal
pertaining to the fingers
digital
pertaining to the metacarpals
metacarpal
pertaining to the thumb
pollex
pertaining to the hip
coxal
pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg
crural
pertaining to the toes
digital
pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee
patellar
pertaining to the thigh
femoral
pertaining to the ankle
tarsal
the inner layer of the membrane covers the organ and is called the
visceral layer
The two major body cavities are the
dorsal (posterior) cavity and the ventral (anterior) cavity
pertaining to the great toe
hallux
pertaining to the metatarsals
metatarsal
houses the spinal cord
vertebral (spinal) cavity
dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the
cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) cavity
covers the lungs
pleura
houses the brain
cranial cavity
covers the heart
pericradium
The ventral body cavity is divided by the diaphragm into the
thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
heart
enclosed by the pericardial cavity
The mediastinum contains numerous organs, including the
esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and heart
The ventral body cavity is divided by the ______________
diaphragm
thoracic cavity can be subdivided into the _________________________
medial mediastinum and the right and left pleural cavities.
Inferior to the diaphragm is the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity consists of the
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
contains the digestive organs
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.
covers most of the abdominal organs
peritoneum
Most of the organs in the ventral body cavity are surrounded by
serous membranes
the outer layer of the serous membrane is the
parietal layer
thin, doublelayered sacs
serous membranes
4 quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity
the right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Anatomists subdivide the abdominopelvic cavity into nine regions:
the right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric or pubic, and left iliac regions
is a section made parallel to the body’s longitudinal axis; it divides the body into right and left parts.
sagittal plane
other term for midsagittal
median
divides the body into equal right and left parts
midsagittal (median) plane
divides the body into unequal right and left parts.
parasagital plane
other term for frontal
coronal
is a section made parallel to the body’s longitudinal axis; it divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
frontal (coronal) plane
other term for transverse
cross-section
is a section made perpendicular to the body’s longitudinal axis; it divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
transverse plane (cross-section)
