Anatomical Terms - Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Flashcards
The sternum is _____________ to the vertebrae
anterior
The feet are _____________ to the hands
inferior
The elbows are _____________ to the abdomen
lateral
The skin is _____________ to the skeleton
superficial
The heart is _____________ to the sternum
posterior
The lungs are _____________ to the ribs
posterior
The chest is _____________ to the abdomen.
superior
The knee is _____________ to the hip.
inferior
The little finger is _____________ to the thumb.
medial
The elbow is _____________ to the wrist.
proximal
is the universally accepted standard position that scientists and medical professionals use to communicate information concerning parts of the body.
Anatomical position
Anatomical position
the body is erect and facing forward; the arms are straight and at the sides of the body, with the palms facing forward; and the feet are slightly apart, with the toes pointing forward
Toward the front
Anterior
another name for anterior
ventral
The palms are on the _____________ side of the body
anterior
The esophagus is __________ to the spinal cord.
anterior
Toward the back
posterior
another name for posterior
dorsal
The occipital bone is on the _______________ cranium (skull)
posterior
The spinal cord is __________________ to the esophagus
posterior
Toward the head
Superior
The nose is ______________ to the mouth.
superior
The neck is ________________ to the chest.
superior
Toward the tail
Inferior
another name for superior
cranial
another name for inferior
caudal
The nose is ___________ to the forehead.
inferior
The umbilicus (belly button) is _______________ to the chest.
inferior
Closer to the point of origin (generally the trunk)
proximal
The knee is _____________ to the ankle.
proximal
The shoulder is _______________ to the elbow.
proximal
Farther away from the point of origin (generally the trunk)
distal
The foot is _____________ to the hip
distal
The wrist is ___________ to the elbow.
distal
Closer to the midline of the body or a body part; on the inner side of
Medial
The ear is ______________ to the shoulder
medial
The index finger is ______________ to the thumb.
medial
Farther away from the midline of the body or a body part; on the outer side of
Lateral
The shoulder is _______________ to the chest
lateral
The thumb is ____________ to the index finger.
lateral
Closer to the surface
Superficial
The skin is _________________ to the muscle
superficial
Muscle is ________________ to bone.
superficial
Farther below the surface
Deep
Bone is _____________ to the skin.
deep
Bone is _________________ to muscle.
deep
are used to identify specific areas on the surface of the body
Regional terms
which describe the locations of body structures in relationship to other structures.
Directional Terms
pertaining to the abdomen
Abdominal
pertaining to the head
cephalic
pertaining to the neck
cervical
pertaining to the back of the body
dorsal
pertaining to the buttocks
gluteal
pertaining to the groin
inguinal
pertaining to the lower back
lumbar
pertaining to the hand
manual
pertaining to the back of the head
occipital
pertaining to the palm
palmar
pertaining to the foot
pedal
pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic
pertaining to the sole of the foot
Plantar
pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee
Popliteal
pertaining to the pubis
pubic
pertaining to the sacrum
sacral
pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg
sural
pertaining to the sternum
sternal
pertaining to the chest
thoracic
pertaining to the spinal column
vertebral
pertaining to the point of the shoulder
acromial
pertaining to the forearm
antebrachial
pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow
Antecubital
pertaining to the armpit
axillary
pertaining to the arm
brachial
pertaining to the wrist
carpal
pertaining to the fingers
digital
pertaining to the metacarpals
metacarpal
pertaining to the thumb
pollex
pertaining to the hip
coxal
pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg
crural
pertaining to the toes
digital
pertaining to the thigh
femoral
pertaining to the great toe
hallux
pertaining to the metatarsals
metatarsal
pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee
patellar
pertaining to the ankle
tarsal
The two major body cavities are the
dorsal (posterior) cavity and the ventral (anterior) cavity
The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the
cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
houses the brain
cranial cavity
houses the spinal cord
vertebral (spinal) cavity
the ventral body cavity is divided by the _________________ into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
diaphragm
the ventral body cavity is divided by the diaphragm into the
thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
the thoracic cavity can be subdivided into the
medial mediastinum and the right and left pleural cavities.
can be subdivided into the medial mediastinum and the right and left pleural cavities.
thoracic cavity
The mediastinum contains numerous organs, including the
esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and heart
heart, the last of which is enclosed by the
pericardial cavity
Inferior to the diaphragm is the
abdominopelvic cavity
Inferior to the diaphragm is the abdominopelvic cavity, consisting of the
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
contains the digestive organs
abdominal cavity
contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.
pelvic cavity
Most of the organs in the ventral body cavity are surrounded by
serous membranes
are thin, doublelayered sacs.
serous membranes
The outer layer of the membrane is the
parietal layer
the inner layer of the membrane covers the organ and is called the
visceral layer
covers the lungs
pleura
covers the heart
pericardium
covers most of the abdominal organs
peritonuem
The two layers of the serous membranes are separated by a
narrow cavity
which is secreted by the membranes and prevents friction as the organs move within the ventral body cavity.
serous (watery) fluid
Clinicians divide the abdomenopelvic cavity into four quadrants:
the right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Anatomists subdivide the abdomenopelvic cavity into nine regions:
the right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric or pubic, and left iliac regions.
it divides the body into right and left parts.
sagittal plane
is a section made parallel to the body’s longitudinal axis
sagittal plane
divides the body into equal right and left parts
midsagittal (median) plane
divides the body into unequal right and left parts.
parasagittal plane
is a section made parallel to the body’s longitudinal axis;
frontal (coronal) plane
it divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal (coronal) plane
is a section made perpendicular to the body’s longitudinal axis
transverse plane (cross-section)
it divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
transverse plane (cross-section)
formed by cranial bones and contains brain
cranial cavity
formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginning of spinal nerves
vertebral canal
chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial and the mediastinum
thoracic cavity
a potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung
pleural cavity
a potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
central portion of thoracic cavity between lungs; contains heart, esophagus, trachea
mediastinum
contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine
abdominal cavity
the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum
contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction
pelvic cavity
