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Clinical Assessment 1 > Introduction, Physical Exam Test and Measures > Flashcards

Introduction, Physical Exam Test and Measures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dimensions of Nagi’s Model?

A

Active Pathology

Impairment

Functional Limitation

Disability

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2
Q

What is the definition of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health?

A

As a classification, ICF systematically groups different domains for a person in a given health condition (e.g. what a person with a disease or disorder does do or can do). This system is applied at the individual, institutional and societal level.

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3
Q

What are examples of body functions?

A

Mental Functions

Sensory functions and pain

Voice and speech functions

Functions of the cardiovascular & respiratory systems

Functions of the digestive system

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4
Q

What are examples of body structures?

A

Structures of the nervous system

The eye, ear & related structures

Structures involved in voice & speech

Structures of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Structures related to the digestive system

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5
Q

What defines an activity in the ICF model?

A

The execution of a task or action by an individual.

Examples: mobility, self-care, learning and applying knowledge

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6
Q

What defines activity limitations in the ICF Model?

A

Difficulties an individual may experience in executing activities

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7
Q

What defines as participation in the ICF model?

A

Involvement in a life situation

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8
Q

What defines as participation restrictions in the ICF model?

A

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.

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9
Q

What terms go under the Functioning “umbrella”?

A

Functional & structural integrity, activities, participation

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10
Q

What terms go under the Disability “umbrella”?

A

Impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions

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11
Q

What are environmental factors as it relates to the ICF model?

A

The physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives. Products and technology, natural environment, human-made changes to environment, support and relationships & systems policies are all part of environmental factors.

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12
Q

What are considered personal factors as it relates to the ICF model?

A

The background of an individual’s life and living (features of the individual that are not part of a health condition). This also includes age, gender, lifestyle and education.

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13
Q

What is the process for episode of care?

A

Examination

Evaluation

Intervention

Outcomes

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14
Q

What are some things to consider when preparing the environment for examination?

A

Patient comfort, privacy, minimize distractions.

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15
Q

What should you consider when preparing yourself before examining a patient?

A

You are being watched. Clothing and jewelry, mental and emotional prepartion.

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16
Q

What are 4 types of questions that are effective in examination?

A

Open-ended questions

Closed-ended questions

Graded response questions

Multiple option questions

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17
Q

What are open-ended questions?

A

Questions that elicit narrative responses. Great for beginning interviews or new topics.

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18
Q

What are closed-ended questions?

A

Elicits only “yes” or “no” responses.

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19
Q

What are graded response questions?

A

Questions that illustrate the patient’s condition and/or can elicit a numeric response.

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20
Q

What are multiple-option questions?

A

Questions that help patients better describe the condition (i.e. think of closed-ended but with specific choices)

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21
Q

What are practices to avoid?

A

Asking multiple questions within a question

Asking leading questions

“Closing” an open-ended question

Asking questions that begin with why?

Overreacting to potentially concerning information

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22
Q

What are symptoms?

A

What the patient experiences or feels.

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23
Q

What are signs?

A

Found by the examiner, likely during tests and measures. They are observed, touched, smelled, heard, or measured.

24
Q

What are red flags?

A

Associated with serious medical conditions. May require investigation or immediate referral to a medical professional.

25
Q

What are yellow flags?

A

Signals “proceed with caution”. Atypical for patient’s current condition but doesn’t require immediate investigation or action.

26
Q

What are the aspects of speech and language?

A

Language spoken

Hearing

Quantity of speech

Rate and Volume

Word articulation

Fluency

27
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Speech difficulties due to impaired motor control

28
Q

What is dysphonia?

A

Difficulty in voice production (voice, quality, pitch)

29
Q

What is aphasia?

A

It is a cognitive neurological disorder that renders difficulty or inability to understand or produce language.

30
Q

What is Wernecke’s Aphasia?

A

Rapid, effortless speech, out of context

31
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Short meaningful phrases, requires great effort.

32
Q

What is Global Aphasia?

A

Receptive and expressive, usually unable to communicate.

33
Q

True or False: An individual with Wernicke’s aphasia would be nonfluent.

A

False: they would be fluent.

34
Q

True or False: An individual with Broca’s aphasia would not be able to read or comprehend words.

A

False, they would be able to read and comprehend.

35
Q

What loss of cognitive abilities would a person with dementia present with?

A

Global loss of: memory, attention, language, problem solving, new learning

36
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Impairment of cognitive processing, inability to initiate or carry out learned purposeful tasks on command, patient understands the task and has the desire and physical ability to complete the task.

May be able to complete the task involuntarily.

37
Q

What is orofacial apraxia?

A

Loss of ability to perform movements of the lips, mouth, and tongue on command.

38
Q

What is ideomotor apraxia?

A

Loss of ability to perform learned tasks when provided with the necessary objects.

39
Q

What is ideational apraxia?

A

Loss of ability to carry out learned tasks in the correct order.

40
Q

What is attention in regards to cognition assessment?

A

Attend to a specific stimulus or task.

41
Q

What is orientation in regards to cognition assessment?

A

Person, place and time

42
Q

What is memory in regards to cognition assessment?

A

Immediate, short-term and long-term recall.

43
Q

What are thought processes in regards to cognition assessment?

A

Logic, coherence, and relevance

44
Q

What is a mood?

A

State of being, may not be outwardly expressed.

45
Q

What is emotion?

A

Felt and often outwardly expressed. Relatively temporary and easily changed.

46
Q

What can be found with anxiety disorders?

A

Increased HR, RR, muscle tension, sweating, tremors, sense of panic. No stimulus to justify such action.

Anxiety can stem from panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorders, etc.

47
Q

What can be found with trauma-related disorders?

A

Anger, aggression, inability to feel pleasure, state of unease.

Example: PTSD

48
Q

What can be found with depressive and bipolar disorders?

A

Disturbance of mood, exaggerated or limited range of feelings, large scale changes (rapid)

Examples: Bipolar, major depressive disorders

49
Q

What can be found/reported with schizophrenia spectrum?

A

Delusions, hallucinations (visual, auditory, or tactile)

Examples: Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder

50
Q

What can be found with somatic symptom disorders?

A

Signs & symptoms of a medical condition that does not physiologically exist.

Example: Conversion disorder.

51
Q

What can be found with substance related & addictive disorders?

A

Ingested or injected substances to alter the sense of being. Or addicted to a certain activity to alter the sense of being.

Examples: gambling addiction, substance abuse.

52
Q

What is posture?

A

Alignment of each body segment in relation to adjacent segments.

53
Q

What is the ideal skeletal alignment?

A

Body’s center of mass direction over its base of support

54
Q

Which type of aphasia is associated with the posterior inferior frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s Aphasia

55
Q

Which type of aphasia is associated with the posterior superior temporal lope?

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

56
Q

How do you dig deep?

A

Be curious

Ask follow-up questions

Most importantly… look for “why”, not just “what.”

Clinical Assessment 1 (13 decks)

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