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Clinical Assessment 1 > Cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal pulse rate?

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

What are the common sites of peripheral edema?

A

Legs and feet

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3
Q

What is considered a normal ABI reading?

A

1.0 - 1.3

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4
Q

What is apnea?

A

Absence of breathing, often while sleeping

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5
Q

What does an ABI of less than 0.4 tell us?

A

Critical arterial insufficiency

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6
Q

What is the range for Prehypertension?

A

120/80 - 139/89 mmHg

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7
Q

How do you measure blood pressure?

A

millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)

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8
Q

What defines as trace (1+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

Slight indentation, skin rebounds quickly

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9
Q

What defines as moderate (3+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

0.6 - 1.3 cm indentation, skin rebounds in 15-30 seconds

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10
Q

4+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Bounding

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11
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Short of breath

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12
Q

How do you assess Blood Pressure?

A

Palpate the brachial artery Apply the deflated cuff Earpieces of the stethoscope in the ears and diaphragm over brachial artery Patient’s arm is supported with brachial artery at heart level Inflate to 180-200 mmHg Listen to first and final Korotkoff sounds Document

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13
Q

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products.

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14
Q

What is considered hypothermia?

A

< 95 F (using gold standard rectal temp)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the passageways in the respiratory system?

A

Purify, warm, and humidifies the incoming air

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16
Q

What is the target exercise heart rate?

A

Between 0.6 and 0.8 of HRmax

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17
Q

1+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Weak or Diminished (Thready)

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18
Q

What is considered hyperthermia?

A

> 106 (using gold standard rectal temp)

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19
Q

What is the difference between edema and effusion?

A

Edema is observable swelling outside of the joint capsule. Effusion is fluid accumulation within a joint capsule or cavity due to injury or inflammation

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20
Q

How is oxygen saturation measured?

A

It is measured via arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis or pulse oximetry

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21
Q

What does an ABI of less than 0.5 tell us?

A

Severe arterial insufficiency

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22
Q

3+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Increased Force

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23
Q

What respiration rate indicates tachypnea?

A

> 20 breaths/min

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24
Q

0 (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Absent

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25
Q

What respiration rate indicates bradypnea?

A

< 12 breaths/min

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26
Q

2+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Normal

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27
Q

What does the Ankle - Brachial Index tell us?

A

It identifies the presence or severity of impaired arterial blood flow (ischemia) to the extremities.

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28
Q

What does an ABI between 0.8 - 1.0 tell us?

A

Minimal to moderate arterial insufficiency

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29
Q

What is rhythm?

A

Regularity of contractions

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30
Q

What is phase 3 of Korotkoff sounds?

A

Louder crisp beat

Application: Undetermined

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31
Q

What are the common causes of pitting edema?

A

Heart disease

Kidney and Liver Disease

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Immobilization and inactivity

32
Q

What is considered a normal exercise response to blood pressure?

A

Systolic pressure rises and levels off. Diastolic pressure rises by no more than 10 mmHg

33
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing while lying flat.

34
Q

What pulse rate would indicate bradycardia?

35
Q

What defines as severe (4+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

1.3 - 2.5 cm indentation, skin rebounds in >30 seconds.

36
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

Rapid drop in blood pressure when changing positions

37
Q

What happens to the oxygen saturation curve if we increase in temperature?

A

The curve shifts up

38
Q

What do you do if you made an error on a blood pressure reading?

A

Repeat after the patient has rested at least a minute rest

39
Q

What is considered afebrile?

40
Q

What is force?

A

Strength of left ventricle contraction. Indicates the volume of blood in the peripheral vessels

41
Q

How do you estimate maximal heart rate?

A

HRmax = 220 - age or HRmax = 206.9 - (0.67 x age)

42
Q

What device do you use to measure the circumference when assessing edema?

A

Tape measure

43
Q

What happens to the oxygen saturation curve if we decrease in temperature

A

The curve shifts down

44
Q

What information would you document for a six minute walk test?

A

Distance traveled, how many breaks were taken, how many laps, any loss of balance

45
Q

What is phase 5 of Korotkoff sounds?

A

Sounds cease (last audible sound? Application: Circulation no longer audible, this is the diastolic reading

46
Q

What is considered normal temperature?

A

98.6 degrees Farenheit (37 C)

47
Q

What is a normal adult respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

48
Q

What does a <70% pulse oximeter reading mean?

A

Life threatening

49
Q

What does a 90-95% pulse oximeter reading mean?

A

There is a cardiovascular/ pulmonary disease

50
Q

Which is more accurate when reading ABI, the doppler or the stethoscope?

51
Q

How is the Ankle - Brachial Index calculated?

A

ABI = systolic ankle pressure/ systolic arm pressure

52
Q

What is the range for hypotension?

A

< 90/60 mmHg

53
Q

What is the range for Stage 2 hypertension?

A

> 160/100 mmHg

54
Q

What pulse rate would indicate tachycardia?

55
Q

What is phase 2 of Korotkoff sounds?

A

Softer swishing or murmur sound Application: Undetermined

56
Q

What are the 4 major vital signs?

A

Pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and temperature

57
Q

What is phase 4 of Korotkoff sounds?

A

Sound changes from crisp/clear to Application: First level of diastolic pressure

58
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure when the left ventricle contracts

59
Q

What is defined as a respiratory rate?

A

Number of times the chest rises and falls in given period of time. Typically in breaths per minute (breaths/min)

60
Q

What is oxygen saturation?

A

Degree to which hemoglobin is bound to oxygen in circulating blood

61
Q

What structure facilitates the gas exchange between the blood and the external environment?

A

The alveoli

62
Q

What does an ABI of 0.6-0.8 tell us?

A

Moderate arterial insufficiency

63
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

Sudden dyspnea and orthopnea while sleeping

64
Q

What does the Borg Scale tell us?

A

Rate of perceived exertion after exercise (from 0 to 10)

65
Q

What is considered normal oxygen saturation?

66
Q

What is the range for Stage 1 hypertension?

A

140/90 - 159/99 mmHg

67
Q

What defines as mild (2+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

0.0- 0.6 cm indentation, skin rebounds in <15 seconds

68
Q

What does a 75% - 85% pulse oximeter reading mean?

A

Cardiac dysrhythmia, presents with confusion

69
Q

What does a <88% pulse oximeter reading mean?

A

May require supplemental oxygen

70
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

Arterial pressure when the heart is at rest between contractions

71
Q

What is considered febrile

72
Q

What are the core vital signs collected for every new patient?

A

Pulse and respiration

73
Q

What is Heart Rate?

A

Number of times the heart contracts in a period of time, measured in beats per minute.

74
Q

What is the range for normal blood pressure?

A

90/60 - 119/79 mmHg

75
Q

What is phase 1 of Korotkoff sounds?

A

First clear tapping sound, may be faint or strong Application: Initial flow of blood resumes through brachial artery

Clinical Assessment 1 (13 decks)

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