intro_to_aviation_block_9_20180401182010 Flashcards
what does DCPC
stands for direct pilot controller communications, and is where they can talk directly to one another
what are the possible interferences communication with communications
- inflight communications failure- ATC communication falure- aircraft out of range
what is inflight communication failure
- This can occur with both VFR and IFR. determine the cause, could be as simple as a stuck microphone
what is ATC communication failure
- This may be a case where a controllers headset isn’t plugged in properly or even a transmitter that fails
what is air craft out of range
This occurs when an aircraft has reached the physical limits that a signal can travel
what is PAL stand for
Peripheral Frequencies
What is a PAL
remote transmitter/receiver that are placed at various locations throughout the country to allow DCPC with aircraft. PALs are depicted on LO/HI charts and the Canada flight supplement
What are the four alternate communication methods for an aircraft that gas lost communication
- other aircraft- airline- other agencies- other ATS units
Explain how other aircraft can help regain comunication
Another aircraft that is on the same frequency is the best option in the case of a controller that forgot to switch a flight that is flying out of range. Usually a controller would say something like “CALL (AIRCRAFT IDENT) ON THIS FREQUENCY AND ASK THEM TO SWITCH TO 133.5”.
What are the advantages of using another aircraft to regain communication
Advantages include: - Act as a relay between aircraft that are too low or distant to receive your transmissions. - This is a very quick way to communicate since aircraft are on the radio all the time.
RO of other agencies a controller can use for communication
In special situations, when other opetions cannot be used you can use other agencies, each of which have certain advantages:Meteorological offices; - Good for remote areas- Teletype NetworkPolice- Good for remote areas- Teletype networkTelephone companies- satellite telephone system to reach remote areas Department of national defence- Very comprehensive communication and radar network- special abilities in remote areas- very willing to give assistance and search and rescue Canadian coast guard- Good for the eastern and western coastal regions, the arctic and great lakes- involved in water related search and rescu activities
Explain how a controller can use Airlines to help regain communication
Can be used to establish communications if you know what company an aircraft is with. advantages are:- knowledge of the aircraft in the area - exclusive company frequencies
Explain how a controller can use Other ATS units to help regain communication
The two that can help in these situations Tower/ACC: - when used as a communication agency they will receive/pass position reports for aircraft that are in your area of responsibility but are not capable with communicating with you- will also relay clearances and instruction to aircraft in your area of responsibility, but within radio range FSS:- There are a lot of FSS across canada, meaning more coverage- They also have access to VHF, UHF, HF and SELCAL. - They are the prime radio link in remote areas and have access to teletype and ADISWhen tower/ACC units are unavailable, FSS is the primary agency used to communicate with aircraft. They can perform the same communication services for you as a tower/ACC
what are the four possible positions available at a busy airport tower
ground controller, air controller, clearance delivery and apron advisory
what does a clearance delivery controller do
relay IFR clearances. with respect to VFR traffic he/she preforms the clerical task of preparing the flight progress strips that are given to the ground controller
What does a Apron Advisory controller do
some large airports provide advisory service on aprons through a separate apron management unit, staffed by airport or terminal operator personnel. This service includes gate assignment, push back instructions, and advisories on other aircraft and vehicles on the apron
What is a FIC (Flight information Centre)
- as the VFR flight progresses beyond the boundary of departure MF the pilot may contact the FIC on a standard frequency to receive weather updates, file position reports or to make change to his VFR flight plan. Below are just some of the service provide to pilots via the FIC- There are 8 flight information centres that provide pilots with pre-flight an en route planning information and services. These services are provided 24 hours a day and include. - Ident RADIO
What is FSS sites
- during the departure and arrival cases of a VFR flights the aircraft may be handled by specialist working at sites where an MF has been established and a FSS is operation. This service may be provided by FSS working working on site or remotely via a RAAS.
what is the indent for Area Control Centre
CENTRE
what is the indent for Terminal Control Sector
“TERMINAL”
what is the indent for Arrival Control
“ARRIVAL”
what is the indent for Departure Control
DEPARTURE
what is the indent for Airport Control Tower
TOWER
what is the indent for Ground Control
GROUND
what is the indent for Clearance Delivery
CLEARANCE DELIVERY
what is the indent for FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE
RADIO
what is the indent for Flight service station
RADIO
What are the rules for phraseology
- do not interrupt- make sure your message is clear in your mind before making the call, no “winging it”- if a situation where phraseology isn’t provided use plain language that is clear and concise as possible- Any phraseology used on a regular basis must be approved by the director.- use the word “IMMEDIATELY” only when immediate action is required for safety reasons- a controller may request a radio check from a pilot to see how clear he sounds on a scale of one to five, five being perfectly readable and one being unreadable
What are the four advantages of standard phraseology RO
Uniformity- Using standard phraseology ensures that messages are constant from one controller to the next, so pilots don’t have to learn nuances of each controllerUnderstanding- Makes the pilots transitions more readily understood by the ground station operators and enables the pilot to understand more easily the transmissions directed from the ground stations. provides two way understandingClarity- speaking in a consitant manner ensures that the message will be in a format that the operator expects, therefore enhancing the clarity of the message by the receptorBrevity- Standard phraseology presents specific conventions which allow a large message to be conveyed with fewer wordsbrevity means concise with exact words
Example of how to read out numbers
2700Two Thousand Seven Hundred 13200One Three Thousand Two Hundred FL265Flight Level Two Six Five FL200Flight Level Two Zero ZeroMaybe look up some more examples
When do you state the word “decimal”
You state the word decimal except when issuing an altimeter setting or stating frequency when there is no possibility of confusion. When issuing a frequency with 25 khz spacing, do not issue the 6th digit of the frequency.
how are headings issued
Headings are issued as 3 digit numbers in degrees magnetic except where compasses are considered unreliable and true headings are used. You do not state the word “magnetic”. Use “heading 360” to signify a north heading.
how is wind expressed
In general, it is not necessary for the controller to denote whether the wind is a mean speed or a current speed. It is also important to note that wind information obtained from met reports is in degrees true and the controller has to add or subtract the variation for the location to obtain a magnetic direction.
how is time expressed
Unless otherwise specified, indicate time in terms of the 24-hour clock system and in UTC. Use the time group 0000Z to indicate midnight. Transmit time checks as follows: A. Analog clock - To the nearest 15 seconds. B. Digital clock - The readout value.
How are NAVIAIDS identified
NAVAIDs are identified by location and type. If a name could be difficult to pronounce, state the designator in phonetics.
How are airways spoken
Airways are spoken by pronouncing each letter unless the airway starts with a J. Then the controller must refer to the airway by using the word “JET” before the number of the airway.
How are aircrafts identified
An aircraft will be identified either by its registration letters or the radiotelephony assigned to that carrier. For example British Airways would be called “SPEEDBIRD”
What is MEDIVAC
A term used to request Air Traffic Service priority handling for a medical evacuation flight, based on a medical emergency in the transport of patients, organ donors, organs or other urgently needed life-saving medical material. The term is to be used on flight plans and if a pilot determines that a priority is required in radiotelephony communications.
What is HEAVY AIRCRAFT
HEAVY AIRCRAFTAn aircraft certificated for a maximum take-off weight of 136,000 kilograms (300,000 pounds) or more.
How are designators read out when MEDIVAC and Heavy aircraft are being used
- the operator’s radiotelephony designator; 2. the flight number or last four characters of the registration; 3. the word “HEAVY” if applicable; and 4. the priority term “MEDEVAC” if applicable. Example SKYTOUR 620 HEAVY. BEARSKIN FOXTROT ALFA BRAVO CHARLIE MEDEVAC.
What do you do if you are communicating with two or more aircraft with similar sounding identifiers
If communicating with two or more aircraft that are using the same flight number or similar sounding identifications advise each of the aircraft concerned of the other’s presence. In order to further minimize the chance for call sign confusion you may: A. restate the radiotelephony designator of the aircraft involved after the flight number for emphasis; B. add the type of aircraft to the identification; or C. instruct the aircraft using the same flight number or similar sounding identification to use: 1. its aircraft registration; or 2. its radiotelephony designator followed by at least the last two characters of the aircraft registration.
When giving a speed read out what do you include
Knots are included when giving the speed read out
what is the interphone system
is to exchange IFR air traffic control messages, has a phone and a hot line
what is the phone mode of the interphone system
must be answered by a controller when it rings
what is the hotline mode on the interphone system
allows for immediate direct controller to controller communication
what is the purpose of the hotline
to exchange high priority messages with another sector/unit
what are the ways ATC transmits messages
- the ATC interphone for IFR and CVFR moment and control messages- air-ground, for messages to aircraft concerning control and safety of flight
what does CVFR stand for
controlled visual flight rules
when the primary systems are not available
- ransmit IFR and CVFR moment and control messages via the most expeditious means available - You may transmit VFR and DVFR moment messages that require immediate action via ATC interphone - You may arrange to have ATC messages accommodated on meteorological circuits provided you coordinate with the local meteorological office
What are the two functions of the interphone system
- used for the exchange of IFR control messages 2. The AMIS interphone system is used for the exchange of DVFR and VFR moment messages
what is the order of priority for the ATC interphone system
A. Distress messages (including ESCAT). B. Urgency messages. C. IFR, CVFR, and SVFR, movement and control messages. D. CIRVIS messages. E. Search and rescue messages. F. Communications search messages. G. DVFR AND VFR movement messages, including flight itinerary messages. H. Approval request messages concerning long-range IFR flight and altitude reservation messages. I. ESCAT Test Message. J. Messages concerning the malfunctioning of NAVAIDs.
what are the two methods making calls on the interphone
manual signalling and voice signalling
what is manual signalling
Manual signalling may be by means of either a push-button, a key, or a dial that. when operated, actuates the singling device at the office called
what is voice signalling
- Voice signalling is accomplished by speaking into the headset microphone , and the call is heard throughout loudspeakers in all offices so equipped on that circuit
what do you do when you have to bump someone off of the line due to a higher priority message
- use the words emergency or control to break the transmission of lower priority messages and to seize a circuit for the handling of emergency or control messages- estimate the relative importance and priority of the communication being handled before breaking transition - aera controllers have operational jurisdiction and are expected to resolve any question of priority which may arise
voice signalling read over
- if voice signalling is used and a call is not answered you must make a second call after a short pause- Make full use of terms a emergency or control or clearance, arrival report, call back when possible, and so on- the most likely cause of the delay in answering is that the called station personnel are engaged in duties that cannot be interrupted immediately - some units may not have all the necessary circuits to communicate with all required units. There is a system in place that will allow ione circuit to be connected to another circuit- Voice switches installed in ATS facilities permit communications between 2 or more units providing ATS. On completion of communications the sector or unit responsible for establishing circuit connectivity shall ensure that the circuit is sidconntected- circuits may be connected munially by an operator at the communications station or automatically by dialling a connect sequence.- When answering the interphone, you must identify yourself to the caller so that they will know that they have reached the correct unit and sector. There can be many sectors and units that share the same interphone circuit and this will confirm to the caller that they have reached the right place.- In most cases a clearance will be relayed through a communications agency to the pilot and therefore “ATC CLEARS” will be used frequently. If an instruction needs to be relayed there are specific prefixes (more…)
whats types of messages are in the ATC interphone
- IFR, CVFR and SVFR movment and control messages, examples of this are: - Air traffic control clearances - departure report messages - position report messages - Arrival messages - Flight plan messages
What is the order of priority for the AMIS interphone system
A. Distress messages (including ESCAT). B. Urgency messages. C. IFR, CVFR, SVFR, movement and control messages. D. DVFR and VFR movement messages, including flight itinerary messages. E. CIRVIS messages. F. Approval request messages concerning long-range IFR flights and altitude reservation messages. G. ESCAT Test Message.
whats types of messages are in the AMISS interphone
- The the Types of messages on the AMIS Interphone are DVFR and VFR movement messages, examples of this is: - VFR Flight plan and flight itinerary messages - VFR position report messages - DVFR message
What is the procedure for answering the interphone
- When answering the interphone, you must identify yourself to the caller so they know they have reached the correct unit and sector. There ay be sectors and units that share the same interphone circuit and this will confirm they have the right place
Hotlines Ro
- the hotlines are the circular buttons at the bottom of the screen- this is a more expeditious method of exchanging information between controllers- they have the same order of priority as the phone has, however normally only control messages with a high level of immediacy or that are very bread are transmitted via a hotline- for example, IFR departure times between a tower and a terminal, transfer of control points, and hand-offs are a few of the messages passed on the hotline- a hotline has the same three mandatory components as a land call
Five letter indicators (LLLLL)
- pronounceable combinations serve as fix name, assigned identifier and computer code for airway intersections
Four letter indicators (LLLL) canada/international:
- are used at certain aerodromes, at ADIS station and for MLS
Three letter indicators (LLL):
- these indicators are assigned to meteorological society of Canada (MSC) facilities meteorological stations, VOR, VORTAC and TACAN facilities
Two letter indicators (LL):
- these indicators are assigned to some terminal NDBs and certain DMEs
Number-letter indicators (NL) or (LN)
- these indicators are assigned to private air navigation facilities
Letter, letter, number indicators (LLN)
- these indicators are assinged to other, or secondary aerodromes which do not meet the requirements for an indicator in the 4 letter series, provided they are listed in the CFS or in the water aerodrome supplement
Destination on a clearance form
- is found on the top right area of the clearance form and appears at the route box of the strip
Route on a clearance form and strip
- the areas that contains the route the aircraft must follow- the route can have a combination of airways and NAVAIDS and Airways. Listing the indicators for all the NAVIAIDS would be too lengthy, however they can be found in the canada flight supplement.- Note that a NAVIAD that is associated with a location will usually have the same letters i.e. CYYZ has a VOR on site YYZ. Use the print out of the location indicators to assist you in decoding the names of the navaids.
for an arrival form
the direction of flight will determine which side the ident, type, and speed are printed on. The arrival strip will always have an arrival cross on it
redo the lesson four quiz
redo the lesson four quiz
what is an air traffic control clearance
- an authorization issued by an ATC unit for an aircraft to proceed within controlled airspace in accordance with the conditions specified by that unit- examples “ACA121, cleared to Flight Level 250.” “WJA345, cleared to the Toronto Pearson airport via centre-stored flight plan route…”
what is an ATC instruction
- a directive issued by an ATC unit for ATC purposes- Examples are “ACA121, turn left heading 030.” “WJA345, descend to Flight Level 330.”
if a pilot is cleared to do somthing must they do it
no
if a pilot is instructed t odd something must they do it
yes
what is the accronym to remember what the order of a clearance is
PACSRAMDST
what does PACSRAMDST stand for
P - Prefix A - Aircraft Identification C - Clearance Limit S - SID R - Route A - Altitude M - Mach Number D - Departure, En Route, Approach or Holding Instructions S - Special Instructions or Information T - Traffic Information
when should you obtain and relay the IFR clearance
before the aircraft begins to taxi if practical
what is the form for relaying an IFR clearance
- (Aircraft identification). - (Unit identification if required). - IFR CLEARANCE (wait for the aircraft to indicate that it is ready to copy). ATC CLEARS (clearance verbatim, as received from the IFR unit).
whose responsibility is it to transmit the clearence to the aircraft
- It is the responsibility of the communication agency to which a clearance is issued to transmit it to the aircraft immediately upon receipt, unless an attempt-delivery time has been specified. The controller will be notified if the clearance is not delivered within 3 minutes after receipt, or of the attempt-delivery time when specified
If a communication agency informs you that a clearance has not been delivered, instruct the agency to take one of the following actions
- To continue attempting to deliver and to report if undelivered by a specified time. - To attempt to deliver at a specified time. - To cancel the clearance.
release times (Validations) RO
- to make sure pilots leave at separate times to provide seperation from the gate- the controller will use the term clearance valid followed by either a time or a specific event that will happen- in times when the controller issues a clearance but has not determined exactly where the aircraft can depart, the controller uses the term “CLEARANCE VALIDATION REQUIRED” at the end of these clearances- The tower controller may not depart the aircraft until such time as the IFR controller validates the clearance- There may also be a requirement to cancel a clearance based on a certain time or event. This is stated by “CLEARANCE CANCELLED IF NOT AIRBORNE BY…”
what is CV ACA213 ON
- this is clearance is when ACA213 is On the taxiway, then the next aircraft is valid
what is CV 1634
- clearance valid at 16:34- the clearance is based on a certain time
what is CVR
- Clearance validation required - the clearance has already been issuer with a CVR added to the end- the tower has the aircraft hold a short of the runway and is now waiting for the terminal to validate the aircraft
what is CV ACA213 +5
- clearance valid when CV ACA213 is airborne for plus five mins- This type of clearance requires that the second plane in the illustration wait 5 mins until the clearance is valid
what is CV WJA105 +5 CC 1640
- the clearance is valid for five mins after WJA105 is airborne +5 mins, clearance cancelled at 16:40- This type of clearance requires that the second aircraft in this illustration wait until 5 after the first aircraft departs; the second aircraft must also be airborne by a specified time.
when can you omit readbacks
A. no changes have been made to the originally filed flight plan; B. the clearance is issued by referring to a machine printed strip or a video display of the flight plan; C. the clearance includes a published standard instrument departure; D. no alternate instructions are included in the clearance; and E. there is no apparent misunderstanding of the clearance contents
The aircraft must read back the clearance and any corrections except that traffic information may be acknowledged by the phrase “traffic received”.
The aircraft must read back the clearance and any corrections except that traffic information may be acknowledged by the phrase “traffic received”.
When should an IFR clearance be relayed?
Before the aircraft taxis, if practical.
Acknowledge
let me know that you have received and understood this message
affirmative
yes or permission granted
break
i hearty indicate the separation between portions of the messages
correction
an error has been made in this transmission, the corrected version is
expedite
comply with this instruction as promptly as possible
go ahead
proceed with your message
negative
no, or permission not granted, that is not correct
out
this conversation is ended and no response is expected
over
my transmission is ended and i expect a response from you
read back
repeat all of this message back to me
roger
i have received all of you last transmission
verify
check coding, check text with originator and send correct version
wilco
will conply, i understand your message and will comply with it
words twice
as a request - communication is difficult, please say every word twiceas information - since communication is difficult, every word in this message will be said twice
break
used where there is no clear distinction between the text and other portions of the message
roger
this word is used to acknolwde recipe and is not intended for other purposes
