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INTRO TO AVIATION MASTER LIST > intro_to_aviation_block_5_20180401181945 > Flashcards

intro_to_aviation_block_5_20180401181945 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum IFR altitude

A

the lowest IFR altitude established for use in specific airspace. Depending on the iarspace concerned

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2
Q

What is MEA

A

the altitude ASL between specified fixes on airways or air routes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and that meets the IFR obstacle clearance requirements

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3
Q

what is MOCA

A

the altitude ASL between specified fixes on airways or air routes that meets the IFR obstacle clearance requirements for the route segment in question

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4
Q

What is MRA

A

(minimum reception altitude) when applied to a specific VHF/UHF intersection, the lowest altitude ASL at which acceptable navigational signal coverage is received to determine the intersection.

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5
Q

What are the three methods of representing map scale

A
  • Statement in words- representative fraction (1:500 000)- graduated line
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6
Q

what do VFR aeronautical charts do

A
  • provide information for pilots in VFR flight- VFR terminal area charts (VTA) busy terminals- VFR navigation charts (VNC) enroute- World aeronautical charts (WAC) extended cross country flight
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7
Q

What is a terminal chart

A
  • provide the pilot information in busy terminal environments
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8
Q

What is a LO chart

A
  • to inform IFR flight in the low level airspace- intended for use up to bet not including 18 000 all
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9
Q

what do HI charts

A
  • above 18 000 feet- to provide pilots with the navigational information required to navigate higher altitudes - Like LO charts, they don’t show cities or towns but depict all radio navigation, including airways SDBs, reporting points, frequencies
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10
Q

What is some of the information provided on VNC charts

A
  • Hydrography - Airports- Navigation aids- Airways and other controlled airspace- enroutes hazards such as: - restricted areas - advisareas - obstruction
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11
Q

What is the more in depth explanation about terminal charts

A
  • for locations where the airspace structure is sufficiently complex to warrant a chart. They do not depict any aeronautical information that is not already depicted on the enroute or the instrument approach procedure or departure procedure charts
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12
Q

What does LO charts show

A
  1. airways and route data, minimum altitudes, headings and distances 2. flight information boundaries 3. limited airport information 4. radio aids and frequencies 5. reporting points 6. special use airspace dimensions
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13
Q

What colour is the uncontrolled airspace in LO charts

A

GREEN

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14
Q

What is a hold

A
  • there are many times when there are more aircraft than there is space for a controller to line them up for landing, or the weather is too bad to land- holding patterns enable an aircraft to stop, and not fall out of the sky
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15
Q

What is a holding procedure

A
  • a predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance
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16
Q

What is a holding pattern

A
  • the race track pattern to be flowing by holding aircraft. This is the predetermined maneuver
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17
Q

What is a holding area

A
  • the airspace to be protected for holding aircraft in accordance with the ATC holding Citeria document (TP345)
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18
Q

What is a holding FIX

A
  • a fix that is specified as a reference point in establishing and maintaining the position of a holding aircraft
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19
Q

The higher the altitude and the greater the airspeed means the holding area will be bigger

A

The higher the altitude and the greater the airspeed means the holding area will be bigger

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20
Q

Explain the instrument approach procedure

A

A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or enroute obstacle clearance criteria apply.

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21
Q

What is the ILS

A

instrumt landing systemThis approach uses a localizer and a glide path to provide both lateral and vertical guidance to a runway.

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22
Q

What is a non precise approach

A

means an instrument approach by an aircraft using azimuth information

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23
Q

What are the different kinds of non precise approaches

A
  • NDB- LOC- VOR- TACAN
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24
Q

What is a NDB

A

NDA:- uses the bearing information off of one or more NDBs to provide lateral guidance to the aircraft, no glide path information

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25
Q

What is a LOC

A
  • localizer- usues localizer information only- an ILS approach without glide path information is a non-precision localizer approach. - if the pilot is flying the localizer from the end of the runway where there is no glide path information. it is called a back course localizer approach.
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26
Q

What is a VOR

A
  • VHF Omni Range- this type of approach uses VOR radials or a combination of radials and DME to enable aircraft to execute an approach
27
Q

What is a TACAN

A
  • tactical aircraft navigation- used by tacan equipped (Military) aircraft- usesTACAN radials and DME, much like the VOR/DME approach
28
Q

for the instrument approach what is the initial segment

A
  • the part of an instrument approach procedure (IAP) between the initial approach fix (IAF) or waypoint and the intermediate approach fix (IF) or waypoint during which the aircraft departs the enroute phase of flight and maneuvers to enter the intermediate segment.
29
Q

for the instrument approach what is the Intermediate approach segment

A
  • The part of an instrument approach procedure (IAP) between the intermediate approach fix (IF) or way point and the final approach fix (FAF), waypoint or point, or between the end of a track reversal, racetrack or dead-reckoning track procedure and the FAF, waypoint or point, as appropriate. It is in this part of the procedure that aircraft configuration, speed and positioning adjustments are made for entry into the final approach segment.
30
Q

for the instrument approach what is the procedure turn

A
  • a manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a track followed by a turn in an opposite direction, both turns being executed so as to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track.- procedure turns are designated left or right according to direction of initial turn. However, if possible, the procedure turn is designated left.
31
Q

for the instrument approach what is the Final segment

A

The part of an instrument approach procedure (IAP) from the time that the aircraft:- completes the last procedure turn or base turn, where one is specified- crosses the final approach fix (FIX), waypoint or point - Intercepts the last track specified for the procedure until it reaches the missed approach point (MAP). It is in this part of the procedure that alignment and descent for landing are accomplished

32
Q

for the instrument approach what is the missed approach point

A
  • the crucial point that will have to make a decision, land or abort the landing.
33
Q

how long does it take for a instrument approach

A

8 mins, but ATC gives 10

34
Q

RO #1

A

Unless otherwise authorized by the appropriate air traffic control unit, the pilotincommand of an IFR aircraft shall, when conducting an approach to an aerodrome or a runway, ensure that the approach is made in accordance with the instrument approach procedure

35
Q

RO #2

A

No pilot in command of an IFR aircraft shall conduct an instrument approach procedure except in accordance with the minima specified in the Canada Air Pilot or the route and approach inventory

36
Q

What is a SID

A

Standard Instrument Departure;- the pilot uses the chart to be able to fly the ATC assigned SID as son as the aircraft is airborne. The use of SIDs eases the controllers communication workload and also tells the pilot what to do in the event of a commutation falure

37
Q

What does STAR stand for

A

Standard Terminal arrival

38
Q

what does star mean

A
  • This chart is what the pilot will follow when approaching the airport. ATC assigns the STAR, which reduces communication workload and reduces the amount of headings and speed adjustments the controller has to issue to the arriving aircraft. Another type of STAR will be described later on area navigation.
39
Q

what is area navigation

A
  • a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on ay desired flight path within the coverage of ground or space based NAVAIDs or within the limits of the capability of self contained aids, or a combination of these
40
Q

What is GNSS

A
  • Global navigation satellite systems have been implemented for universal joint navigation to include satellites from different countries, and private companies with a vested interest in such a system
41
Q

What are the three components of GNSS

A
  • The space component- The Control component- the user component
42
Q

What is the space component

A
  • consisted of 24 navistar satellites orbiting the earth in six different planes- each plane is inclined 55 degrees to the equator and contains 4 sati lights in 10900 nm orbits- each satellite completes an orbit in just under 12 hours
43
Q

What is the control component

A
  • designed to ensure and maintain the accuracy of the data transmitted by the GPS satellites- consists of a world wide network of widely spaced monitoring stations sparsely located all of there surface of the earth, linked to one master station, colorado springs - Capable of editing corrective signals if mistakes are deciphered- the master station analyses the data and determine whether correcting the clocks cycle or position is necessary and sends out a corrective signal, if required, through uplink antennas.
44
Q

what is the user component

A
  • The user component consists of the GNSS receiver/processor and its associated antenna. The GNSS receiver looks for and selects the four best positioned satelites, determines ins range to them and convert that into a position
45
Q

What are the two families of GNSS

A

WASS (ABAS and SBAS) and LAAS (GBAS)

46
Q

what does ABAS stand for

A

aircraft based augmentations systems

47
Q

what does SBAS stand for

A

Satellite based augmentations systems

48
Q

What does GBAS stand for

A

Ground based augmentations systems

49
Q

what does RNAV stand for

A

area navigation

50
Q

what kinds of RNAV systems depend on ground based data to calculate aircraft positions

A

VOR-DME, DME-DME, LORAN-C

51
Q

what are the two classes of service provided with GNSS

A

Standard positioning service (SPS)Precision Positioning Service (PPS)

52
Q

What is SPS

A

Standard Positioning Service:- civilian users can expect 6 to 8 meters accuracy 95% of the time under SPS- SPS only provides a course deviation indicator (CDI) - in other words lateral deviation not vertical

53
Q

What is PPS

A

Precision Positioning Service (PPS)- an encrypted signal reserved for military applications- the precision approach is made possible by coupling barometric inputs providing a vertical deviation indicator (VDI) to the course deviation indicator (CDI)

54
Q

What are the three areas of flight operations GNSS has impacted most

A
  • Departure- En route- Arrival
55
Q

How has GNSS effected departure

A
  • uses RDAV SIDS- Reduced workload for controllers (less frequency congestion, less vectoring, moreefficiant use of airspace)- reduced workload for pilots ( Preset departure profile, less communication required)- Improved energy management (Less time from runway to en route)- Reduced impact on environment (better route design, traffic spread reduction, reduced noise imprint- improved flexibility (routes around obstructions and or terrain)
56
Q

how has GNSS effected En Route

A
  • Able point to point (fuel savings, less time in the air)- Less vectoring when re route is required - as user needs change able to adapt without needing ground based NAVAIDS
57
Q

How has GNSS effected arrival

A
  • uses Nav STARS- Reduced workload for controllers (altitudes and speed restrictions are built into stars, when filed it becomes part of the route)- Reduced workload for pilots (press arrival profile, less communication required)
58
Q

What is RNAV SID

A
  • an IFR ATC departure procedure coffee in an aircraft FMS database and published in graphic and textual form for use by aircraft that are appropriatly equipped and authorized- an RNAV SID is a procedure that lays out a lateral path from the end of the runway to a point where the aircraft will go en route. Typically a SID is vectored, in other words the aircraft on departure will hold a heading and wait for vectors to the en course. An RNAV SID will do this without radar vectors making it very precise and efficient.- There is only one RNAV SID published at this time
59
Q

What does the RNAV STAR do

A

takes flights from the en route to the approach

60
Q

What does the RNAV SID fo

A

takes flights from the end of the runway to a point where the aircraft will go en route

61
Q

What is the GNSS approach

A
  • The main difference in a GNSS approach when compared to a ILS or NDB approach is that there is no procedure turn in a GNSS approach. This makes it basically a straight in approach. - A typical GNSS approach has a T shape, with the points on the T being represented by fly-by and fly-over waypoints that bring an aircraft near a runway threshold.
62
Q

The RNAV star

A
  • An IFR ATC atrial procedure coded in an aircraft FMS database and published in graphic and textual form for use by aircraft that are appropriately equipped and authorized- An RNAV STAR is a procedure that lays out a lateral path, altitudes and speeds for an aircraft to maneuver from the en route to a position from which an approach can be made- An RNAV STAR does this without the limitations of the ground based NAVIAIDS and in some cases without any vectors. It is also important to note that the approach following a STAR will bot have a procedure turn
63
Q

What is an open RNAV star

A
  • a star that terminates at a downwind termination waypoint (DTW). Normally used for aircraft approaching the airport via the downwind leg to the dtw - An open RNAV STAR requires an aircraft to be vectored on to final. If the aircraft does no receive an approach clearance prior to the DTW it will continue on the heading assinged in the RNAV STAR until vectored by the controller. This allows the controller the flexibility of issuing or not issuing vectors in different situations
64
Q

What is a closed RNAV STAR

A
  • a STAR that terminates at the Final Approach Course Fix (FACF). Normally used when the inbound track is within plus or minus 90 degrees, of the final approach course, to the runway.- a closed RNAV STAR does not require any vectoring from the controller for the aircraft to do a straight in approach- There are two cars when an nav star would be closed. the first case the aircraft is on an open RNAV STAR and a clearance for the approach is received prior to the DTW. When this happened the aircraft will fly to the DTW. and then maneuver without vectors to the FACF and commence the approach - The second case is when the aircraft is already lined up with the approach, within 90 degrees, and therefore there is no DTW. An example of this is on the DEANS TWO arrival at Ottawa for runway 32

INTRO TO AVIATION MASTER LIST (11 decks)

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