Intro (Tropical Storms)

Question 1

• Within 5° of latitude north or south of the equator, no storms: Coriolis effect, weak
• South Atlantic Ocean or in the Eastern part of the SouthPacific Ocean: cold ocean temperatures and persistent large wind shear

Answer 1

Tropical storms … formation

Question 2

• dissipate when traveling over cool water or over land

In these environments:
* source of hot humid air is lost
* over land, weaken fast, … no evaporation of warm ocean water

Answer 2

Tropical storms … death

Question 3

the __________ known as the mid-latitudes and provide their approximate latitudinal range.

• Mid-latitudes (30-60°N, 30-60°S)
• Western coastal areas are wetter than their eastern
  counterparts.
• Those remote from the ocean are drier.
• Increasing latitude: lower mean surface temperature

Answer 3

geographical region

Question 4

Greater temperature fluctuations within continental interiors compared with those near oceans.

Answer 4

Continentality

Question 5

Mid-latitude Climates. West coast climates of lower latitude (nearer equator):

greater seasonality in their ________ than those nearer the poles

Answer 5

rainfall patterns

Question 6

The ______ ______ sweeps
precipitating extratropical cyclones from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (where they are formed throughout the year due to the polar front)

Answer 6

westerly airflow

Question 7

Wet weather of the western coast: due to prevailing __________ ___________

Answer 7

westerly airflow

Question 8

West coast areas at the equatorial end of the mid latitudes (about 30°N) tend to have dry warm to hot summer and wet, cool winters.

Answer 8

mediterranean climate

Question 9

Poleward of the mediterranean climate:

Answer 9

Marine west coast climates

Question 10

Mid-latitude Climates

Eastern part is Influenced by___ _____ ______________

Answer 10

air mass movement

Question 11

allow the boundary between these air masses to pass over much of this part  Climate: rapid and substantial fluctuations in
temperature

Answer 11

Fluctuations in Rossby waves

Question 12

bathed in moist maritime and continental air

Answer 12

East coast of Asia

Question 13

Frequent dry, essentially north-westerly winds to flow over the surface of the

Answer 13

eastern part of the mid-latitude
Asia

Question 14

The wind flow is reversed in the summer months, bringing moist maritime winds and greater rain.

Answer 14

Eurasian interior

Question 15

During winter, sustained large-scale high-pressure feature forms over Eurasian interior (centered over Mongolia).

Answer 15

Eurasian interior

Question 16

Mid-latitude Climates

_________________
* Essentially same climatic influences as those in the north.
* But the land masses in the southern hemisphere are much less extensive than the northern counterparts.
* continental interior and east coast are less well developed
* South America: same as North American climates (except the lee of Andes mountains).

Answer 16

Southern hemisphere

Question 17

Climate Zones of the World: Arctic ( two seasons)

Answer 17

polar day and polar night.

Question 18

Climate Zones of the World: Mid-latitudes (four seasons)

Answer 18

summer, autumn, winter, and spring

Question 19

Climate Zones of the World: Tropics (two seasons)

Answer 19

wet and dry

Question 20

Polar Region (60-90°N, 60-90°S)
Cold
Warmest month: temperature ____

Answer 20

≤ 10 °C

Question 21

Much of the ground is permanently frozen

Answer 21

permafrost

Question 22

• Low levels of precipitation is due to the low moisture carrying capacity of cold air and the stable atmospheric conditions found in the areas covered by the polar cell.
• Despite the aridity, much of the land is covered with surface water (generally frozen).
• Losses by evaporation and infiltration through the permafrost are low.

Answer 22

Frequently arid

Question 23

Polar Climate

Interior of the northern polar region:

Answer 23

Generally calm

Question 24

Polar Climate

Interior of the south polar region:

Answer 24

Blustery, strong winds of topographic origin are common
over the mountainous continent of Antartica.

Question 25

• mechanisms mediating climate change, not fully understood
• but, possible to build climate models (both predictive and interpretive value)
• product of various components of the climate system
• feedback mechanism

Answer 25

The Climate System