Group 2 - Quiz 2 Flashcards
______ is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
Air pollution
According to this organization, air pollution has become particularly problematic in the Philippines.
EARTH.ORG (February 3rd 2024)
health impact
_____ of deaths from stroke and ischaemic heart disease caused by air pollution
37%
Air pollution comes from a variety of different sources, both _____ and ______
both natural and man-made
Sources of air population (4)
Transportation
Industry
Agricultural Activities
Indoor Pollution
This Chemical leak in 1984 was called the worst industrial accident in history at that time
The Bhopal Disaster
(Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh state, India)
Bhopal Disaster
About ____ tons of the dangerous gas methyl isocyanate escaped from an insecticide plant that was owned by the Indian subsidiary of the American firm Union Carbide Corporation.
45 tons
Bhopal Disaster
The final death toll was estimated to be between ____ and _____. Some half a million survivors suffered respiratory problems, eye irritation or blindness, and other maladies resulting from exposure to the toxic gas.
15,000 and 20,000
Bhopal Disaster
Over _____ people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas (irritating and corrosive
to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin).
500,000
The smog that occurred in October 1948 was exceptional even by the standards of the region.
Donora Smog
Donora Smog
The first major contributing factor was the pollution emitted by the American Steel and Wire plant and the Donora Zinc Works, which covered miles of riverfront land.
These mills regularly emitted billowing plumes of smoke, and in particular, the Zinc Works had been identified as a major polluter because of its emissions of hydrogen fluoride, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, multiple sulfur compounds, and heavy metals within fine
particulate matter.
The second major factor identified by the USPHS was an unusual weather system
basa na lang
Lethal smog that covered the city of London for five days, from December 5 to December 9, in 1952.
It was caused by a combination of industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions.
The smoke and fog brought London to a near standstill and resulted in thousands of deaths.
Its consequences prompted Parliament to pass the Clean Air Act four years later, which
marked a turning point in the history of environmentalism.
Great smog of London
Globally, it is estimated that air pollution is responsible for ______ premature deaths
worldwide every year and 3.2% of the global burden of disease.
3.1 million
Epidemiological studies revealed that there is a link between air pollution and ______ with public health importance such as cardiovascular diseases for instance stroke and ischemic heart disease, cancers, and respiratory diseases.
diseases
_____ diseases related to air pollution include acute respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma.
Respiratory diseases
The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) is required under RA 8749 to conduct what?
inventory of emissions (once every 3 years)
The main pathway of exposure from air pollution is through the ______.
Breathing in these pollutants leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and mutagenicity in cells
throughout our body, impacting the lungs, heart, brain among other organs and ultimately leading to disease
Respiratory tract
toxins that have adverse impacts on health, pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern include (5)
particulate matter (PM),
carbon monoxide (CO),
ozone (O3),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and
sulphur dioxide (SO2).
the body’s response to injury or infection
inflammation
______: Short-term, beneficial response to injury or infection.
______: Prolonged and excessive inflammation, even in the absence of an obvious trigger. This can damage healthy tissues and contribute to numerous diseases.
Acute
Chronic
an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to neutralize them with antioxidants.
oxidative stress
Highly reactive molecules that can damage cells and their components (DNA, proteins, lipids).
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
4 causes of oxidative stress
- Normal metabolic processes
- Environmental factors (pollution, radiation)
- Certain diseases (diabetes, cancer)
- Lifestyle factors (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption)
The list of possible conditions developed in pets exposed to harmful substances includes respiratory diseases such as asthma, problems with fertility, weak immune system, allergies, infections, skin irritations, liver conditions, and extinction.
basa na lang
the techniques employed to reduce or eliminate the emission into the atmosphere of substances that can harm the environment or human health.
Air Pollution Control
refers to the application of strategies and technologies aimed at reducing harmful ambient air pollutants emitted from industrial activities, such as the oil industry, to improve human health and protect the environment.
Pollution control technology
- it removes particulates by causing the dirty airstream to flow in spiral path inside a cylindrical chamber.
Cyclones
it traps suspended particles by direct contact with a spray of water or other liquid. In effect,
a scrubber washes the particulates
out of the dirty airstream as they
collide with and are entrained by the
countless tiny droplets in the spray.
scrubbers
is a commonly used method for removing fine particulates from airstreams. Particles suspended in the airstream are given an electric charge as they enter the unit and are then removed by the influence of an electric field..
Electrostatic Precipitators
- one of the most efficient devices for removing suspended particulates. It comprises an array of long, narrow bags—each about 25 cm (10 inches) in diameter— that are suspended upside down in a
large enclosure.
Baghouse Filters
Gaseous criteria pollutants, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other
gaseous air toxics, are controlled by means of three basic techniques:
absorption,
adsorption, and
incineration (or combustion).
carbon sequestration (4th technique, under development)
this technique is under a development as a means of controlling carbon dioxide levels.
carbon sequestration
a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
RA 8749 “Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”
this act essentially seeks to preserve and enhance the quality of the air in the Philippines.
RA 8749 “Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”
