Intro pt. 2b Flashcards
Albedo and Angle of Incidence
_= portion of the incoming radiation that is reflected and scattered back to space
A function of the angle of incidence
Albedo
____ solar radiation passes through the atmosphere
____ solar radiation is reflected back by the earth
some longwave radiation is absorbed and re-emitted by _____ molecules in the atmosphere. this warms the earth’s surface and lower atmosphere
Shortwave
Longwave
Greenhouse
incoming solar radiation at top of atmosphere: __ million calories per square meter per day average of the earth as a whole
7 million
Radiation and Energy Budgets
Without the ____ movement of energy, areas near the equator would be much hotter and the areas near the poles would be much colder. - ___ Earth
poleward
inhospitable
Radiation and Energy Budgets
The whole Earth-atmosphere system is in ____.
The Earth’s surface alone: ____ - It absorbs more radiative energy than it emits
The atmosphere alone: ____ - It emits more radiative energy that it absorbs.
There must be a non-radiative mechanism of energy transfer between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere.
balance
not in balance
not in balance
Energy Transfer Between Earth and Atmosphere
Transfer of energy as
_ heat (associated with temperature change, without phase change)
____ heat (associated with a phase change)
Sensible
Latent
Net Radiation and Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer
Q’ = G + H + LE + P + C
Many of these non-radiative energy
transfer mechanism (G, H. LE, P, C) are highly dependent on the nature of the ____.
Thus, surfaces vary considerable in their ____ response to a given change in energy input.
surface
temperature
Net Radiation and Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer
On a ___ scale: Large difference between land and ocean temperature.
___ temperature change; greater rate of temperature change in land than in ocean. (Continentality)
Because the heat flux into the subsurface G
G at land < G at ocean
global
wider
