Intro to the Immune System Flashcards
The immune response is mediated by the:
immune system
The immune response can be either:
Protective: defense against microbes & tumors
Aberrant: can cause diseases (like autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, allergies)
define the immune response
immune reaction to any substance, infectious or non-infectious, foreign or self (microbes, macromolecules, or metals)
define antigens
any substance that induces a specific adaptive immune response (t & b cells)
T/F a microbe can only possess one antigen
False. each microbe possess many different antigens
Define innate immunity in terms of response time, antigen specificity, and memory
Immediate, non antigen specific response, and no memory
the innate immunity is always present ot block ____ _____
microbe entry
define adaptive immunity in terms of antigen specificity, and memory
specific antigen recognition, expansion, & activation and long-lasting memory
humoral immunity is mediated by ______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes
antibodies. extracellular microbes
cell mediated immunity is mediated by _______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes
T lymphocytes. intracellular microbes
what are the two types of T lymphocytes
helper T cells & cytotoxic T cells
define clonal selection
lymphocyte clones arise in response to antigen specific immune response
does the primary or secondary immune response mount a larger and more effective response
secondary. responds to repeated antigen exposures
when does the primary response occur
1-3 weeks
when does the secondary response occur
2-7 weeks
which cells are specific to innate immunity
macrophage, natural killer cell, dendritic cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
which cells are specific to adaptive immunity
B cells, T cell (kind of) which can then be CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells
which cells are part of both innate and adaptive immunities
T cell and natural killer T cell
what is the primary fnct of lymphocytes
circulate and initiate response upon recognition of antigen
what are the two types of lymphocytes
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity
humoral immunity
T lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity
cell-mediated
Lymphocytes reside where
blood/lymphoid organs
antigen presenting cells general fnct
detect presence of microbes
which cells are antigen-presenting cells
dendritic cells, macrophages, (maybe) B cells
antigen presenting cells reside where
tissue/lymphoid organs
dendritic cells do what
initiate T cell response
macrophages do what
effector phase of cell-mediated immunity
what are the effector cells
T lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes
general fnct of effector cells
elimination of antigens/ destroy microbes
effector cells reside where
blood and then to the infection
role of T lymphocytes as an effector cell
activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells
role of macrophages as an effector cell
phagocytosis and killing of microbes
granulocytes role as an effector cell
killing microbes
B lymphocyte function
neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation
helper T lymphocyte function
activation of macrophages, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes
cytotoxic T lymphocyte function
killing infected cell
regulatory T lymphocyte function
suppression of immune response
all cells come from the
bone marrow
B cells mature in the
bone marrow
T cells mature in the
thymus
define naive cell
not seen an antigen
naive T/B cells survive for how long
weeks-months and die if no antigen
effector T/B cells survive for how long
short lived and die when the antigen is eliminated
memory T/B cells survive for how long
long period of time
do you have more naive or memory T cells as a kid
naive T cells
do you have more naive or memory T cells as an adult
memory T cells
which are the primary or central lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
which are the peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues
organization of secondary lymphoid organs enables what
- antigen presenting cells to concentrate antigen
- lymphocytes to locate and respond to antigens
- cells to interact with each other
which tissues have the most number of lymphocytes
lymph nodes (most) and spleen. then bone marrow and intestines
lymph drains into
lymph nodes
function of lymph and lymph nodes
concentrate antigens and allow sampling of antigens by antigen presenting cells at the site
T/F B cells and T cells reside in the same zone
F. They reside in distinct cell zones
activated T cells migrate in _______ to eliminate _______
tissues, microbes
which cells pick up antigens in tissues and migrate to lymph nodes
dendritic cells
B & T cells enter the lymph node through the
artery
dendritic cells and antigens enter the lymph node through the
afferent lymphatic vessel
T cells are attracted:
outside but adjacent to follicles (paracortex)
B cells are attracted:
in follicles around the periphery (cortex)
the mucosal immune system has a similar organization as
lymph nodes (tonsils, Peyer’s patch)
how is the movement of T and B cells coordinated
chemokines and chemokine receptors
the chemokine receptor for the T cell zone is _____ which is bound by chemokine _______
CCR7, CCL19
the chemokine receptor for the B cell zone is ______ which is bound by chemokine ________
CXCR5, CXCL5
how does immune response to microbes occur
Several steps: antigen recognition, cell activation, antigen elimination
what are the phases of the adaptive immune response
- antigen recognition
- clonal expansion
- differentiation in effector cells
- contraction via apoptosis
- memory cells
