Intro to the Immune System

Question 1

The immune response is mediated by the:

Answer 1

immune system

Question 2

The immune response can be either:

Answer 2

Protective: defense against microbes & tumors
Aberrant: can cause diseases (like autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, allergies)

Question 3

define the immune response

Answer 3

immune reaction to any substance, infectious or non-infectious, foreign or self (microbes, macromolecules, or metals)

Question 4

define antigens

Answer 4

any substance that induces a specific adaptive immune response (t & b cells)

Question 5

T/F a microbe can only possess one antigen

Answer 5

False. each microbe possess many different antigens

Question 6

Define innate immunity in terms of response time, antigen specificity, and memory

Answer 6

Immediate, non antigen specific response, and no memory

Question 7

the innate immunity is always present ot block ____ _____

Answer 7

microbe entry

Question 8

define adaptive immunity in terms of antigen specificity, and memory

Answer 8

specific antigen recognition, expansion, & activation and long-lasting memory

Question 9

humoral immunity is mediated by ______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes

Answer 9

antibodies. extracellular microbes

Question 10

cell mediated immunity is mediated by _______ and deals with intracellular or extracellular microbes

Answer 10

T lymphocytes. intracellular microbes

Question 11

what are the two types of T lymphocytes

Answer 11

helper T cells & cytotoxic T cells

Question 12

define clonal selection

Answer 12

lymphocyte clones arise in response to antigen specific immune response

Question 13

does the primary or secondary immune response mount a larger and more effective response

Answer 13

secondary. responds to repeated antigen exposures

Question 14

when does the primary response occur

Answer 14

1-3 weeks

Question 15

when does the secondary response occur

Answer 15

2-7 weeks

Question 16

which cells are specific to innate immunity

Answer 16

macrophage, natural killer cell, dendritic cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

Question 17

which cells are specific to adaptive immunity

Answer 17

B cells, T cell (kind of) which can then be CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells

Question 18

which cells are part of both innate and adaptive immunities

Answer 18

T cell and natural killer T cell

Question 19

what is the primary fnct of lymphocytes

Answer 19

circulate and initiate response upon recognition of antigen

Question 20

what are the two types of lymphocytes

Answer 20

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

Question 21

B lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity

Answer 21

humoral immunity

Question 22

T lymphocytes are mediators of which immunity

Answer 22

cell-mediated

Question 23

Lymphocytes reside where

Answer 23

blood/lymphoid organs

Question 24

antigen presenting cells general fnct

Answer 24

detect presence of microbes

Question 25

which cells are antigen-presenting cells

Answer 25

dendritic cells, macrophages, (maybe) B cells

Question 26

antigen presenting cells reside where

Answer 26

tissue/lymphoid organs

Question 27

dendritic cells do what

Answer 27

initiate T cell response

Question 28

macrophages do what

Answer 28

effector phase of cell-mediated immunity

Question 29

what are the effector cells

Answer 29

T lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes

Question 30

general fnct of effector cells

Answer 30

elimination of antigens/ destroy microbes

Question 31

effector cells reside where

Answer 31

blood and then to the infection

Question 32

role of T lymphocytes as an effector cell

Answer 32

activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells

Question 33

role of macrophages as an effector cell

Answer 33

phagocytosis and killing of microbes

Question 34

granulocytes role as an effector cell

Answer 34

killing microbes

Question 35

B lymphocyte function

Answer 35

neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

Question 36

helper T lymphocyte function

Answer 36

activation of macrophages, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes

Question 37

cytotoxic T lymphocyte function

Answer 37

killing infected cell

Question 38

regulatory T lymphocyte function

Answer 38

suppression of immune response

Question 39

all cells come from the

Answer 39

bone marrow

Question 40

B cells mature in the

Answer 40

bone marrow

Question 41

T cells mature in the

Answer 41

thymus

Question 42

define naive cell

Answer 42

not seen an antigen

Question 43

naive T/B cells survive for how long

Answer 43

weeks-months and die if no antigen

Question 44

effector T/B cells survive for how long

Answer 44

short lived and die when the antigen is eliminated

Question 45

memory T/B cells survive for how long

Answer 45

long period of time

Question 46

do you have more naive or memory T cells as a kid

Answer 46

naive T cells

Question 47

do you have more naive or memory T cells as an adult

Answer 47

memory T cells

Question 48

which are the primary or central lymphoid organs

Answer 48

bone marrow and thymus

Question 49

which are the peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 49

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

Question 50

organization of secondary lymphoid organs enables what

Answer 50

- antigen presenting cells to concentrate antigen - lymphocytes to locate and respond to antigens - cells to interact with each other

Question 51

which tissues have the most number of lymphocytes

Answer 51

lymph nodes (most) and spleen. then bone marrow and intestines

Question 52

lymph drains into

Answer 52

lymph nodes

Question 53

function of lymph and lymph nodes

Answer 53

concentrate antigens and allow sampling of antigens by antigen presenting cells at the site

Question 54

T/F B cells and T cells reside in the same zone

Answer 54

F. They reside in distinct cell zones

Question 55

activated T cells migrate in _______ to eliminate _______

Answer 55

tissues, microbes

Question 56

which cells pick up antigens in tissues and migrate to lymph nodes

Answer 56

dendritic cells

Question 57

B & T cells enter the lymph node through the

Answer 57

artery

Question 58

dendritic cells and antigens enter the lymph node through the

Answer 58

afferent lymphatic vessel

Question 59

T cells are attracted:

Answer 59

outside but adjacent to follicles (paracortex)

Question 60

B cells are attracted:

Answer 60

in follicles around the periphery (cortex)

Question 61

the mucosal immune system has a similar organization as

Answer 61

lymph nodes (tonsils, Peyer's patch)

Question 62

how is the movement of T and B cells coordinated

Answer 62

chemokines and chemokine receptors

Question 63

the chemokine receptor for the T cell zone is _____ which is bound by chemokine _______

Answer 63

CCR7, CCL19

Question 64

the chemokine receptor for the B cell zone is ______ which is bound by chemokine ________

Answer 64

CXCR5, CXCL5

Question 65

how does immune response to microbes occur

Answer 65

Several steps: antigen recognition, cell activation, antigen elimination

Question 66

what are the phases of the adaptive immune response

Answer 66

- antigen recognition - clonal expansion - differentiation in effector cells - contraction via apoptosis - memory cells