Intro To Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
Study of normal function of a living organism and its parts
Exchange of material between external and internal environment systems
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Digestive
Gastrointestinal, tract, liver, pancreas
Assimilation of nutrients elimination of some waste
Endocrine
Endocrine glands,
coordination of body functions to release a regulatory molecules
Immune
Thymus, spleen, lymphatic system, white blood cells
Defense against pathogens
Nervous
Brain spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Coordination of body functions through electrical signals and release a regulatory molecules
Cognition
Reproductive
Gonads penis vagina uterus
Procreation
Respiratory
Lungs
Oxygen and carbon dioxide, and exchange with external environment
Urinary
Kidneys, bladder
Homeostasis of ion concentrations in internal environment elimination of wastes
Themes of physiology
Structure and function are related, molecular interaction compartmentation
Living organisms require energy
Information flow coordinates, body function via DNA cell to cell communication
Homeostasis maintains internal stability
Extracellular fluid components
Interstitial fluid
Plasma
Stable disequilibrium
Moving to keep balance
Exchange of water
Exchange of intracellular and extracellular fluid
Exchange of ions
K and NaCl concentration
In intracellular fluid, the concentration of potassium is higher, and the concentration of sodium is lower
In the extra cellular fluid, the sodium chloride is higher, but concentration of the potassium is lower
Interstitial fluid
Almost no proteins
Fluid can move freely from interstitial and plasma compartment
Control system pathway
Stimulus
Sensor
Input signal
Integrating center
output signal
Target
Response
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a stable internal
Dynamic steady state
Stable does equilibrium between the ECF and ICF
Control systems
Stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal, target, response
Feed forward responses
Salvation reflex
Stimulus- the sight smell, thought of food
Response- salivation, HCl secretion in the stomach
Negative feedback
Shut off the response loop by removing the signal that’s helping with homeostasis
Most of the systems of our body works on the negative feedback loop and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis
Ex
Hypothalamus sends a positive signal to the anterior pituitary, which in turn sends a positive signal back to the endocrine gland and the hormone causing release and action at a target tissue. It is a negative signal. The body has enough of the hormone, and the anterior pituitary stops secreting more.
Positive feedback
It is a loop with the stimulus is reinforced, and it keeps getting reinforced and an outside factor needs to shut it down
Ex
The release of the hormone is re-stimulating, and Teri pituitary to release even more hormones. Like giving birth, oxytocin causes uterine contractions
Pathology
The study of when normal physiology breaks down in the series manifest
There’s individual level and clinical level
Etiology
Study of pathogens that cause disease
What impacts normal physiology for a certain disease to develop
Clinical pathology
Applied solution to the problem
What are the best practices to combat this disease from getting worse or preventing a disease
Diagnosis
Recognition of a disease by its outward signs
