Cell Tissue Organ

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

ATP synthesis for energy

Question 2

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Transport system in the cell

Question 3

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

has ribosomes

Question 4

Smooth ER

Answer 4

Has no ribosomes
Lipids, modified to store calcium ions in muscle cells

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Protein, modification and packaging

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

Digestive area and then recycles or excretes
need a high pH to get active

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

Stores, water, or waste

Question 8

Vesicles

Answer 8

Endocytosis or exocytosis

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Chromosomes and nucleolus

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

Ribosomes formed here

Question 11

Passive transport

Answer 11

Does not require ATP hydrolysis or coupling
Simple, passive transport happens via the lipid bilayer or pores and channels in the membrane

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

Active transport

Answer 12

Requires adenosine, triphosphate hydrolysis
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Vesicular transport through endocytosis or exocytosis
(Endocytosis includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis)

Question 13

Squamous epithelium

Answer 13

Inner surface of mouth and blood vessels and alveoli

Thin small flat cells form semi permeable membrane

Selective transport of substances

Question 14

Stratified epithelium

Answer 14

Outer layer of skin

Many layers of cells

Prevention of wearing of organs
Protection of organs

Question 15

Glandular epithelium

Answer 15

Inner layer of skin

Cells contain vesicles packed with secretory material

Secretion of sweat, oil, mucus, etc.

Question 16

Columnar epithelium

Answer 16

Inner surface of intestine
Alimentary canal

Column like tall cells , upper free surface bears folds made of these cells at places of absorption

Secretion of digestive juice, absorption of nutrients

Question 17

Ciliated epithelium

Answer 17

Inner surface of respiratory tract

Upper free surface of cells bears minute hair like processes

Push mucus and Air forward to keep the air passage free

Question 18

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer 18

Tubules of kidney
Salivary gland

Cells are cuboidal

Reabsorption of useful materials from urine secretion of saliva

Question 19

Types of epithelia

Answer 19

Exchange
Transporting
Protective
Secretory
Ciliated

Question 20

Exchange type

Answer 20

Capillaries

Question 21

Transporting type of epithelia

Answer 21

Gastrointestinal tract
reproductive system

Question 22

Protective type of epithelia

Answer 22

Skin
mucus in stomach

Question 23

Secretory type of epithelium

Answer 23

Exocrine and endocrine glands

Question 24

Ciliated type of epithelia

Answer 24

Respiratory system reproductive system

Question 25

Connective tissue proper

Answer 25

Loose, includes areolar, reticular, and adipose Dense, includes regular, irregular and elastic

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

Hyaline, elastic, or fibrocartilage

Question 27

Explain the membrane transport systems

Answer 27

There’s active and passive Passive includes simple, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion. simple diffusion happens through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane by means of the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion is possible with the help of a transport protein Active transport includes, primary active transport, secondary active transport, as well as endocytosis and exocytosis Endocytosis and exocytosis require a membrane vesicle

Question 28

Structural proteins

Answer 28

Create, gap and tight junctions Connect to cytoskeleton Link ECM to cytoskeleton

Question 29

Enzyme

Answer 29

Catalyze chemical reactions on the cell surface and inside the cell

Question 30

Receptor

Answer 30

Engage in chemical signaling Chiggers events at the membrane and intracellularly

Question 31

Transport proteins

Answer 31

Move molecules across membranes Includes channel and carrier proteins

Question 32

Simple passive transport

Answer 32

Occurs via the lipid bilayer, or through pores and channels in the membrane ion channels selective filter of the pore

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 33

Uses a helper, however, still uses no energy Brings glucose into the cell down its concentration gradient, using a GLUT transporter. diffusion reaches equilibrium when the glucose concentration inside and outside the cell are equal. And most cells conversion of important glucose into glucose six phosphate keeps intracellular glucose concentration slow, so that diffusion never reaches equilibrium

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

Carrier proteins, move molecules against a concentration gradient Primary transport use ATP Secondary transport, utilizes, potential energy of another molecule Primary is also known as direct and secondary is known as indirect Active transport also occurs via vesicles Can be endocytosis or exocytosis

Question 35

Cell membrane

Answer 35

Barriers to separate ICF ECF Exchange material with environment Cell to cell communication Structural support Formed by phospholipids Allows for movement of water soluble solutes Other substances require a protein mediated pathway to cross the cell membrane

Question 36

Gap junctions

Answer 36

Communicating junctions

Question 37

Tight junctions

Answer 37

Occluding junctions

Question 38

Desmosomes

Answer 38

Cell to cell anchoring systems

Question 39

Connective tissue types

Answer 39

Connective tissue proper Cartilage Bone Blood

Question 40

Active transport via vesicles

Answer 40

Endocytosis, which includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis Exocytosis