Immunity

Question 1

Immune response

Answer 1

Recognize self from nonself or abnormal self

Remove dead or damage, cells and debris

Protects the body from pathogens

Question 2

Immunogen

Answer 2

Triggers an immune response

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Binds to the product of an immune response

Question 4

Immune system consist of

Answer 4

Lymphoid tissues
Immune cells
Chemicals that coordinate and execute responses

Question 5

First line of defense

Answer 5

Physical and chemical barriers
1 skin and mucous membranes
2 secretions
3 stomach acidity
4 mechanical removal

Question 6

Primary role of immune response

Answer 6

Recognize and destroy foreign substances
Prevent proliferation of mutant cells

Question 7

Secretions

Answer 7

First line of defense

Mucus enzymes antibodies trap and kill pathogens

Question 8

Stomach acidity

Answer 8

Low pH destroy pathogens that are swallowed
First line of defense

Question 9

Mechanical removal

Answer 9

First line of defense

Mucociliary escalator
Tears
Coughing
GI motility like vomiting and diarrhea

Question 10

Second line of defense

Answer 10

Inflammatory response
Phagocytic cella
Anti-microbial proteins

Question 11

Third line of defense

Answer 11

Lymphocytes
Antibodies
Humoral and cell mediated

Adaptive, specific memory

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Primary cells of immune response

Originate in the liver and spleen and stem cells in bone marrow

Differentiate into B or T cells and natural killer cells

Become mature as they circulate through lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils, and adenoids

Question 13

Humoral immunity

Answer 13

B lymphocytes
Create antidotes or antibodies that circulate in body fluids

Question 14

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 14

T lymphocytes
Cells that have learned to differentiate between autologous material self, and foreign material nonself

Helper T is most numerous 75%

Question 15

Innate immunity

Answer 15

You are born with this
Genetically determined
Maybe due to lack of receptors

Question 16

Acquired immunity

Answer 16

Immunity that an organism develops over a lifetime
Not genetically determined
May be acquired naturally or artificially
Develop immunity to measles in response to infection or vaccination

Question 17

Active immunity

Answer 17

Form of acquired immunity

Produced by antibodies in response to an antigen (Immune response)

Question 18

Active naturally acquired immunity

Answer 18

Develops after exposure in environment

Question 19

Active induced

Answer 19

Type of active immunity

Develops after administration of an antigen to prevent disease

Question 20

Passive immunity

Answer 20

Produced by transfer of antibodies from another person

Question 21

Passive induced

Answer 21

Administration of antibodies

Question 22

Passive natural

Answer 22

Transfer of maternal antibodies

Question 23

Two types of acquired immunity responses

Answer 23

Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

Proliferation of antigen specific b and T cells occurs when they bind to an antigen

T and B, cells need to migrate in the body to increase the chance of encountering a particular antigen

Question 24

Antigen

Answer 24

Any foreign substance
Does not have the characteristic marker
Is capable of eliciting an immune response

Examples
Infectious agents
Non-infectious agents
Drugs, vaccines, transfusions, and organ transplants

Question 25

Antibodies

Answer 25

Immuno globin Produced in response to the antigen Interact only with the antigen lock and key mechanism Antigens combine with antibodies to listen to maturation an activation of two types of lymphocytes (B & T cells)

Question 26

Functions of antibodies

Answer 26

Neutralize, bacterial toxins, and viruses Promoting phagocytosis of bacteria Activating components of the inflammatory response

Question 27

Antibodies, direct effect on antigen

Answer 27

Produce agglutination, precipitation, or neutralization

Question 28

Antibodies indirect effects on antigens

Answer 28

Activation of the complement cascade Recognition and binding to receptors on inflammatory cells

Question 29

IgM

Answer 29

Largest and predominates early, mainly intravascular compartment because of size

Question 30

IgG

Answer 30

Major antibacterial and antiviral Crosses, placenta and protects infants up to six months.

Question 31

IgA

Answer 31

Defends external surfaces of mucosa and secretions

Question 32

IgD

Answer 32

On surface of B lymphocytes Regulate the interaction between B and T cells

Question 33

IgE

Answer 33

Parasitic and allergic reactions Primarily in the MALT (Mucous associated lymphatic tissue)

Question 34

Factors effecting immunity

Answer 34

Nutritional status Medication Surgery and anesthesia Burns Stress

Question 35

T cell function

Answer 35

Declines Older than 60 years have decreased hypersensitivity responses Decrease T cell mediated response to infection decreased T cell activity