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Physiology Test 1 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Immune response

A

Recognize self from nonself or abnormal self

Remove dead or damage, cells and debris

Protects the body from pathogens

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2
Q

Immunogen

A

Triggers an immune response

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3
Q

Antigen

A

Binds to the product of an immune response

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4
Q

Immune system consist of

A

Lymphoid tissues
Immune cells
Chemicals that coordinate and execute responses

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5
Q

First line of defense

A

Physical and chemical barriers
1 skin and mucous membranes
2 secretions
3 stomach acidity
4 mechanical removal

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6
Q

Primary role of immune response

A

Recognize and destroy foreign substances
Prevent proliferation of mutant cells

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7
Q

Secretions

A

First line of defense

Mucus enzymes antibodies trap and kill pathogens

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8
Q

Stomach acidity

A

Low pH destroy pathogens that are swallowed
First line of defense

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9
Q

Mechanical removal

A

First line of defense

Mucociliary escalator
Tears
Coughing
GI motility like vomiting and diarrhea

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10
Q

Second line of defense

A

Inflammatory response
Phagocytic cella
Anti-microbial proteins

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11
Q

Third line of defense

A

Lymphocytes
Antibodies
Humoral and cell mediated

Adaptive, specific memory

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Primary cells of immune response

Originate in the liver and spleen and stem cells in bone marrow

Differentiate into B or T cells and natural killer cells

Become mature as they circulate through lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils, and adenoids

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13
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes
Create antidotes or antibodies that circulate in body fluids

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14
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes
Cells that have learned to differentiate between autologous material self, and foreign material nonself

Helper T is most numerous 75%

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15
Q

Innate immunity

A

You are born with this
Genetically determined
Maybe due to lack of receptors

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16
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Immunity that an organism develops over a lifetime
Not genetically determined
May be acquired naturally or artificially
Develop immunity to measles in response to infection or vaccination

17
Q

Active immunity

A

Form of acquired immunity

Produced by antibodies in response to an antigen (Immune response)

18
Q

Active naturally acquired immunity

A

Develops after exposure in environment

19
Q

Active induced

A

Type of active immunity

Develops after administration of an antigen to prevent disease

20
Q

Passive immunity

A

Produced by transfer of antibodies from another person

21
Q

Passive induced

A

Administration of antibodies

22
Q

Passive natural

A

Transfer of maternal antibodies

23
Q

Two types of acquired immunity responses

A

Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

Proliferation of antigen specific b and T cells occurs when they bind to an antigen

T and B, cells need to migrate in the body to increase the chance of encountering a particular antigen

24
Q

Antigen

A

Any foreign substance
Does not have the characteristic marker
Is capable of eliciting an immune response

Examples
Infectious agents
Non-infectious agents
Drugs, vaccines, transfusions, and organ transplants

25
Q

Antibodies

A

Immuno globin
Produced in response to the antigen
Interact only with the antigen lock and key mechanism

Antigens combine with antibodies to listen to maturation an activation of two types of lymphocytes (B & T cells)

26
Q

Functions of antibodies

A

Neutralize, bacterial toxins, and viruses
Promoting phagocytosis of bacteria
Activating components of the inflammatory response

27
Q

Antibodies, direct effect on antigen

A

Produce agglutination, precipitation, or neutralization

28
Q

Antibodies indirect effects on antigens

A

Activation of the complement cascade

Recognition and binding to receptors on inflammatory cells

29
Q

IgM

A

Largest and predominates early, mainly intravascular compartment because of size

30
Q

IgG

A

Major antibacterial and antiviral

Crosses, placenta and protects infants up to six months.

31
Q

IgA

A

Defends external surfaces of mucosa and secretions

32
Q

IgD

A

On surface of B lymphocytes
Regulate the interaction between B and T cells

33
Q

IgE

A

Parasitic and allergic reactions
Primarily in the MALT
(Mucous associated lymphatic tissue)

34
Q

Factors effecting immunity

A

Nutritional status
Medication
Surgery and anesthesia
Burns
Stress

35
Q

T cell function

A

Declines
Older than 60 years have
decreased hypersensitivity responses
Decrease T cell mediated response to infection
decreased T cell activity

Physiology Test 1 (12 decks)

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