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PSIO469 - Repro > Intro to Male Repro (NO Meiosis/Mitosis) > Flashcards

Intro to Male Repro (NO Meiosis/Mitosis) Flashcards

1
Q

Where are sperm and testosterone produced?

A

Testes

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2
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Densely packed sperm-producing portion of testis; includes Sertoli cells & developing sperm cells

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3
Q

Interstitial Cells

A

Located in connective tissue between loops of seminiferous tubules; testosterone-producing Leydig cells

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4
Q

Undifferentiated germ cells (sperm)

A

Spermatogonia

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5
Q

Specialized sperm cells

A

Spermatozoa

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6
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Conversion of undifferentiated germ cells (spermatogonia) into specialized sperm cells (spermatozoa)

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7
Q

Chromosome number for spermatogonium

A

46; 2n; 46 chromatids

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8
Q

Chromosome number for primary spermatocytes

A

46; 2n; 92 chromatids

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9
Q

Chromosome number for secondary spermatocytes

A

23; 1n; 46 chromatids

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10
Q

Chromosome number for spermatids

A

23; 1n; 23 chromatids

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11
Q

Chromosome number for spermatozoa

A

23; 1n; 23 chromatids

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12
Q

Spermiation

A

Cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent spermatids are broken

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13
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Morphological differentiation and packaging protects chromosomes from environmental damage

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14
Q

Are spermatozoa motile when release into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?

A

No

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15
Q

Acrosome function on sperm

A

Egg penetration

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16
Q

Function of tail on sperm

A

Motility

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17
Q

Function of nucleus in sperm

A

Chromosomes

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18
Q

Function of mitochondrial sheath on sperm

A

Energy

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19
Q

Testes are _____ degrees cooler than core body temp

A

2

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20
Q

Cryptorchidism

A
  • Failure of testes to descend during development
  • Can lead to permanent infertility (irreversible damage to germ cells)
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21
Q

Examples of things that can temporarily impair fertility

A
  • Hot tubs
  • Cycling
  • Heated car seats
  • Tight underwear
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22
Q

Site of sperm production

A

Seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

Where does fluid move non-motile sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubule

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24
Q

Where does storage, concentration, and maturation of sperm occur?

A

Epididymis and vas deferens

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25
Q

Where does sperm and fluid move due to peristalsis?

A

Epididymis and vas deferens

26
Q

Where does sperm travel through during ejaculation?

A

Ejaculatory ducts

27
Q

Where is sperm transported during ejaculation and urine is additionally transported during urination?

A

Urethra

28
Q

Seminal vesicles contribute _____ % of semen volume

A

60

29
Q

The prostate gland contributes _____ % of semen volume

A

30

30
Q

The bulbourethral gland contributes ______ % of semen volume

A

5

31
Q

Which accessory gland produces prostaglandins?

A

Seminal vesicles

32
Q

Which accessory gland produces fructose?

A

Seminal vesicles

33
Q

Which accessory gland produces semenogelins?

A

Seminal vesicles

34
Q

Which accessory gland produces buffers?

A

Prostate

35
Q

Which accessory gland produces prostate-specific antigens?

A

prostate

36
Q

Which accessory gland produces mucus?

A

Bulbourethral gland

37
Q

Prostaglandins

A
  • Stimulates contraction of female reproductive tract.
  • Mainly smooth muscle contraction.
38
Q

Semenogelins

A

Proteins that spontaneously coagulate after ejaculation to form gel matrix (keep sperm in vagina after withdrawal)

38
Q

Mucus

A

Aids in lubrication during intercourse

38
Q

Fructose

A

Primary energy source for sperm

39
Q

Time for spermatogonium to spermatozoa (rate of sperm production)

A

64 to 74 days

39
Q

Buffers

A

Alkaline pH promotes viability of sperm

39
Q

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

Enzyme aids breakdown of gel matrix to release sperm (process of liquefaction)

40
Q

How many sperm are produced each day (yield)?

A

100-200 million

41
Q

What is yield of sperm dependent on?

A

On testosterone concentration in the seminiferous tubule

42
Q

How many sperm per ejaculate?

A
  • 60-100 million/ml; 2-3 ml per ejaculate
  • 180 million sperm
43
Q

Can sperm still be produced if a man has a vasectomy?

A

Yes

44
Q

Why can sperm be stored in the epididymis for several days?

A

It is relatively inactive and has a low metabolic demand

45
Q

What happens to sperm during a vasectomy?

A

Don’t exit via vas deferens but are rather broken down

46
Q

What percent of semen is sperm and seminal fluid?

A

10% sperm
90% seminal fluid

47
Q

How long does it take for PSA take to breakdown the matrix in liqufaction?

A

30-60 min

48
Q

Normal volume of ejaculate

A

> 2.0 mL

49
Q

Normal range for liquefaction

A

< 60 minutes

50
Q

Normal range for semen viscosity

A

Moderate to low

51
Q

Normal range for semen concentration

A

> 20 x 10^6/mL

52
Q

Normal range for semen motility

A

> 50%

53
Q

Normal range for WHO morphology

A

> 15%

54
Q

Oligospermia

A
  • Few sperm cells are ejaculated (low sperm count
  • < 20 million/mL (considered infertile)
55
Q

Azoospermia

A

No sperm cells ejaculated

56
Q

Liquefaction time will increase if _____ decreases in the ejaculation

A

Prostate-specific antigen

PSIO469 - Repro (18 decks)

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