Intro to Male Repro (NO Meiosis/Mitosis)

Question 1

Where are sperm and testosterone produced?

Answer 1

Testes

Question 2

Seminiferous Tubules

Answer 2

Densely packed sperm-producing portion of testis; includes Sertoli cells & developing sperm cells

Question 3

Interstitial Cells

Answer 3

Located in connective tissue between loops of seminiferous tubules; testosterone-producing Leydig cells

Question 4

Undifferentiated germ cells (sperm)

Answer 4

Spermatogonia

Question 5

Specialized sperm cells

Answer 5

Spermatozoa

Question 6

Spermatogenesis

Answer 6

Conversion of undifferentiated germ cells (spermatogonia) into specialized sperm cells (spermatozoa)

Question 7

Chromosome number for spermatogonium

Answer 7

46; 2n; 46 chromatids

Question 8

Chromosome number for primary spermatocytes

Answer 8

46; 2n; 92 chromatids

Question 9

Chromosome number for secondary spermatocytes

Answer 9

23; 1n; 46 chromatids

Question 10

Chromosome number for spermatids

Answer 10

23; 1n; 23 chromatids

Question 11

Chromosome number for spermatozoa

Answer 11

23; 1n; 23 chromatids

Question 12

Spermiation

Answer 12

Cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent spermatids are broken

Question 13

Spermiogenesis

Answer 13

Morphological differentiation and packaging protects chromosomes from environmental damage

Question 14

Are spermatozoa motile when release into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Acrosome function on sperm

Answer 15

Egg penetration

Question 16

Function of tail on sperm

Answer 16

Motility

Question 17

Function of nucleus in sperm

Answer 17

Chromosomes

Question 18

Function of mitochondrial sheath on sperm

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

Testes are _____ degrees cooler than core body temp

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Cryptorchidism

Answer 20

• Failure of testes to descend during development
• Can lead to permanent infertility (irreversible damage to germ cells)

Question 21

Examples of things that can temporarily impair fertility

Answer 21

• Hot tubs
• Cycling
• Heated car seats
• Tight underwear

Question 22

Site of sperm production

Answer 22

Seminiferous tubules

Question 23

Where does fluid move non-motile sperm?

Answer 23

Seminiferous tubule

Question 24

Where does storage, concentration, and maturation of sperm occur?

Answer 24

Epididymis and vas deferens

Question 25

Where does sperm and fluid move due to peristalsis?

Answer 25

Epididymis and vas deferens

Question 26

Where does sperm travel through during ejaculation?

Answer 26

Ejaculatory ducts

Question 27

Where is sperm transported during ejaculation and urine is additionally transported during urination?

Answer 27

Urethra

Question 28

Seminal vesicles contribute _____ % of semen volume

Answer 28

60

Question 29

The prostate gland contributes _____ % of semen volume

Answer 29

30

Question 30

The bulbourethral gland contributes ______ % of semen volume

Answer 30

5

Question 31

Which accessory gland produces prostaglandins?

Answer 31

Seminal vesicles

Question 32

Which accessory gland produces fructose?

Answer 32

Seminal vesicles

Question 33

Which accessory gland produces semenogelins?

Answer 33

Seminal vesicles

Question 34

Which accessory gland produces buffers?

Answer 34

Prostate

Question 35

Which accessory gland produces prostate-specific antigens?

Answer 35

prostate

Question 36

Which accessory gland produces mucus?

Answer 36

Bulbourethral gland

Question 37

Prostaglandins

Answer 37

- Stimulates contraction of female reproductive tract. - Mainly smooth muscle contraction.

Question 38

Semenogelins

Answer 38

Proteins that spontaneously coagulate after ejaculation to form gel matrix (keep sperm in vagina after withdrawal)

Question 38

Mucus

Answer 38

Aids in lubrication during intercourse

Question 38

Fructose

Answer 38

Primary energy source for sperm

Question 39

Time for spermatogonium to spermatozoa (rate of sperm production)

Answer 39

64 to 74 days

Question 39

Buffers

Answer 39

Alkaline pH promotes viability of sperm

Question 39

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Answer 39

Enzyme aids breakdown of gel matrix to release sperm (process of liquefaction)

Question 40

How many sperm are produced each day (yield)?

Answer 40

100-200 million

Question 41

What is yield of sperm dependent on?

Answer 41

On testosterone concentration in the seminiferous tubule

Question 42

How many sperm per ejaculate?

Answer 42

- 60-100 million/ml; 2-3 ml per ejaculate - 180 million sperm

Question 43

Can sperm still be produced if a man has a vasectomy?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Why can sperm be stored in the epididymis for several days?

Answer 44

It is relatively inactive and has a low metabolic demand

Question 45

What happens to sperm during a vasectomy?

Answer 45

Don't exit via vas deferens but are rather broken down

Question 46

What percent of semen is sperm and seminal fluid?

Answer 46

10% sperm 90% seminal fluid

Question 47

How long does it take for PSA take to breakdown the matrix in liqufaction?

Answer 47

30-60 min

Question 48

Normal volume of ejaculate

Answer 48

> 2.0 mL

Question 49

Normal range for liquefaction

Answer 49

< 60 minutes

Question 50

Normal range for semen viscosity

Answer 50

Moderate to low

Question 51

Normal range for semen concentration

Answer 51

> 20 x 10^6/mL

Question 52

Normal range for semen motility

Answer 52

> 50%

Question 53

Normal range for WHO morphology

Answer 53

> 15%

Question 54

Oligospermia

Answer 54

- Few sperm cells are ejaculated (low sperm count - < 20 million/mL (considered infertile)

Question 55

Azoospermia

Answer 55

No sperm cells ejaculated

Question 56

Liquefaction time will increase if _____ decreases in the ejaculation

Answer 56

Prostate-specific antigen