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PSIO469 - Repro > Hypothalamic Pituitary Target Tissue Axis > Flashcards

Hypothalamic Pituitary Target Tissue Axis Flashcards

1
Q

Vascularized (lots of blood flow) region

A

Median eminence

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2
Q

Region where nerve fibers from each eye cross to opposite half of the brain

A

Optic chiasm

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3
Q

Provides local delivery of substances at high concentration

A

Hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system

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4
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior pituitary

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5
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior pituitary

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6
Q

Which cell produces thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH)?

A

Thyrotroph

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7
Q

Which cell produces luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Gonadotrophs

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8
Q

Which cell produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Corticotrophs

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9
Q

Which cell produces growth hormone?

A

Somatotroph

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10
Q

Which cell produces prolactin (PRL)?

A

Lactotroph

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11
Q

All anterior pituitary hormones are…

A

Peptides/proteins

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12
Q

Hormones in the somatoomammotropin family of the anterior pituitary

A
  • Growth hormone
  • Prolactin
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13
Q

Growth hormone

A

Stimulates growth (via insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-1) and affects metabolism

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14
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk synthesis and secretion during lactation

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15
Q

Hormones in the glycoprotein family of the anterior pituitary

A
  • Follicle stimulating hormone
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone
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16
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A
  • Stimulates follicular growth and estrogen
    production in ovaries
  • Regulates spermatogenesis in testes
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17
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A
  • Regulates estrogen and progesterone production
    in ovaries and luteinization of follicle
  • Regulates testosterone production in testes
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18
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (T 3 and T 4) by thyroid gland

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19
Q

Hormones in the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) family of the anterior pituitary

A
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone
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20
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of cortisol and DHEA (a weak androgen) by adrenal cortex

21
Q

If a patient had a disease that damaged the corticotropes, which organ would be most affected?

A

Adrenal glands

22
Q

AP hormones are synthesized…

A

on the endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

AP hormones are modified…

A

in the Golgi apparatus

24
Q

AP hormones are stored…

A

In vesicles until they are needed

25
Q

A patient has an ACTH secreting tumor, which causes ACTH to be elevated. You would expect to see a _______ in CRH secretion.

A
  • Decline
  • High levels of ACTH can increase cortisol and aldosterone stimulating negative feedback.
26
Q

Releasing hormones

A
  • Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
27
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

Stimulates GH synthesis & secretion

28
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Stimulates TSH synthesis & secretion

29
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Stimulates LH and FSH synthesis & secretion

30
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Stimulates ACTH synthesis & secretion

31
Q

If two hormones have similar structures…

A

A high enough amount can trigger the other hormones receptors

32
Q

Inhibiting hormones

A
  • Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
  • Prolactin inhibiting hormone; dopamine (PIH)
33
Q

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

A
  • Peptide
  • Inhibits GH synthesis and secretion
34
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH); dopamine

A
  • Catecholamine
  • Inhibits PRL synthesis and secretion
35
Q

LH secreted by the anterior pituitary acts on…

A

the testis

36
Q

GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus acts on…

A

gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary

37
Q

If a patient has a lesion in the paraventricular nucleus, you would expect to see…

A
  • a decline in CRH
  • Could be a decline in OT however the supraoptic nucleus also produced OT so it wouldn’t be much
38
Q

Hormones of the paraventricular nucleus

A
  • TRH
  • CRH
  • OT
  • ADH/VR
39
Q

Hormones of the preoptic area

A
  • GnRH
40
Q

Hormones of the supraoptic nucleus

A
  • OT
  • ADH/VP
41
Q

Hormones of the arcuate nucleus

A
  • GHRH
  • GnRH
  • GHIH
  • PIH
42
Q

Hormones of the ventromedial nucleus

A
  • GHRH
  • GHIH
43
Q

Primary function is to regulate hormone secretion by another endocrine gland

A

Tropic hormone

44
Q

Primary effect is on non-endocrine target tissues

A

Non-tropic hormone

45
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Response of target cell dampens or inhibits initial stimulus

46
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Response of target cell stimulates or enhances initial stimulus

47
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A
  • Oxytocin
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); vasopressin (VP)
48
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Stimulates smooth muscle contraction
  • Breast myoepithelial cells during lactation (milk
    ejection)
  • Uterine myometrium during labor
49
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A
  • Stimulates water reabsorption by kidney
  • Stimulates arteriole constriction

PSIO469 - Repro (18 decks)

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