Intro to Lung Cancer

Question 1

most common cancers for males

Answer 1

1. prostate
2. lung and bronchus
3. colorectal

Question 2

most common cancers for women

Answer 2

1. breast
2. colorectal
3. lung and bronchus

Question 3

5 causes of lung cancer

Answer 3

1. smoking
2. radon gas
3. asbestos
4. air pollution
5. genetics

Question 5

where does lung cancer like to metastasize?

Answer 5

• brain
• lymph nodes
• lungs
• adrenal glands
• liver
• bone

Question 6

3 branches of non-small cell lung cancers

Answer 6

1. adenocarcinomas
2. squamous cell carcinoma.
3. large cell carcinoma.

Question 7

small cell lung cancer and ___ cell carcinoma can both cause the ___ ___ ___ cancer subtype

Answer 7

small cell lung cancer and LARGE cell carcinoma can both cause the LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE cancer subtype

Question 8

stage 1,2,3,4 in non -small cell lung cancer

Answer 8

1 and 2; usually disease confined to lung/lobe +/- bronchial nodes. curative intent surgery

3; large or invading major structures +/- mediastinal nodes. curative intent radiacal radiation and chemo.

4; disase not amenable to curative intent treatments. palliative intent treatment.

Question 9

general premise of immunotherapy

Answer 9

usually, PDL1 and PD1 sites on the tumor cell inhibits T cell killing of the tumor cell. Blocking these proteins allows the T cell to kill the tumor cell.

Question 10

Note; palliative systemtmic immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer is dependent on the molecular testing. can affect the type of therapy given.

Question 11

paraneoplastic syndromes realted to small cell lung cancer

Answer 11

Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous tumor known as a “neoplasm.”

SIADH

scleroderma

-anemia

dermatomyositis,clubbing, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

Question 12

regardless of stage of small cell lung cancer, ___ ___ irradiation should be done.

Answer 12

prophylactic cranial radiation

Question 13

in SCLC, (small cell neuroendocrine, mixed small cell/non small cell/large cell neuroendocine too), if there is no progression or recurrence at ___ years, it’s a cure

Answer 13

5 years.

Question 14

natural vs conditional prognosis

Answer 14

natural: general prognosis associated with the diagnosis which is inferred by past experiences in patients wiht the same diagnosis.
- uses a fram of reference external to the individual patient, and draws conclusions for the future based on the known tendencies of any given disease
conditional: the probability of surviving further for a certain number of yers, given that a patient has already survived for a certain number of years after the diagnosis of a chronic disease.

Question 15

note: immunotherapy has improved the outcomes of adenocarcinoma

Question 16

comprehensive prognosis

Answer 16

• used to describe predictions of what will happen to the patient given his actual experience.

A comprehensive prognosis must reflect the expected outcomes of all potential competing causes of death and morbidity, and not merely those associated with the dominant illness