Acid Base Disorders

Question 1

7.40 / 40 / 80 / 24

what does each number indicate

Answer 1

pH pCO2 pO2 HCO3
Normal Values
pH 7.40 (7.36-7.44)

PCO2 40 (37-42)

HCO3 24 (22-26)

PO2 80-100

Question 2

Question 3

ph of acidemia vs alkalosis

Answer 3

acidemia = <7.36

alkalosis = >7.44

Question 4

Chronic respiratory acidosis: ___ Rule

Answer 4

10:3 rule

Question 5

rules for chronic and acute respiratory ALKALOSIS

Answer 5

Question 6

ratio for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

7:10

7CO2: 10HCO3

Question 7

when assessing the anion gap using electrolytes to see if there is an abnormal acid causing metabolic acidosis which anions/cations do you use?

Answer 7

Na+, HCO3, Cl

Question 8

if the anion gap is over 12, there is a:

Answer 8

high acid gain metabolic acidosis HAGMA

Question 9

causes of High anion gap acidosis

Answer 9

a mud pile

ASA, Methanol, Uremia, Diabeta Ketoacidosis, Propylene glycol, Isoniazid, Lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol

All of this leads to an increased AG and DECREASED HCO3

Question 10

Question 11

What is the respiratory compensation to
metabolic acidosis? (ie what happens to pCO2?)

Answer 11

Question 12

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
TOO MUCH ___.

How do you compensate?

Answer 12

HCO3-

Question 13

Question 14

decreasing the HCO3- (bicarb) concentration will shift the equation to the left and increase _____ and generate ____. This process is called ___ acidosis. The kidneys mostly control your HCO3- levels.

increasing the CO2 will also shift the equation to the ____ and generate acidosis. This is called ___ acidosis because your ventilation controls your CO2 levels.

Answer 14

decreasing the HCO3- (bicarb) concentration will shift the equation to the left and increase H+ ion concentration and generate acidosis. This process is called metabolic acidosis. The kidneys mostly control your HCO3- levels.

increasing the CO2 will also shift the equation to the left and generate acidosis. This is called respiratory acidosis because your ventilation controls your CO2 levels.

Question 15

If acidosis is present, then:

a high ___ could be causing it … or …

a low ___ could be causing it

Answer 15

If acidosis is present, then:

a high pCO2 could be causing it … or …

a low bicarb could be causing it

Question 16

If alkalosis is present, then:

a low __ could be causing it … or …

a high ___ could be causing it

Answer 16

If alkalosis is present, then:

a low pCO2 could be causing it … or …

a high bicarb could be causing it

Question 17

T/F the compensation is ALWAYS the opposite mechanism as the primary disturbance.

Answer 17

true:

if the primary disturbance is respiratory, the secondary compensatory mechanism must be metabolic

if the primary disturbance is metabolic, the secondary compensatory mechanism must be respiratory

Question 18

examples of mixed primary disturbance

Answer 18

if there is a metabolic acidosis and a respiratory acidosis, then both processes are primary

if there is a metabolic alkalosis and a respiratory alkalosis, then both processes are primary

Question 19

if you identify a primary respiratory acidosis (high ___) then you would expect a compensatory higher __

if you identify a primary respiratory alkalosis (low ___) then you would expect a compensatory lower __

if you identify a primary metabolic acidosis (low __) then you would expect a compensatory lower __

if you identify a primary metabolic alkalosis (high __) then you would expect a compensatory higher ___

Answer 19

if you identify a primary respiratory acidosis (high pCO2) then you would expect a compensatory higher bicarb

if you identify a primary respiratory alkalosis (low pCO2) then you would expect a compensatory lower bicarb

if you identify a primary metabolic acidosis (low bicarb) then you would expect a compensatory lower pCO2

if you identify a primary metabolic alkalosis (high bicarb) then you would expect a compensatory higher pCO2

Question 20

NOTE:

metabolic acidosis will be compensated by respiratory alkalosis with a delta ratio of 1.0

metabolic alkalosis will be compensated by a respiratory acidosis with a delta ratio of 0.7

respiratory alkalosis will be compensated by a metabolic acidosis with a delta ratio of 0.5

respiratory acidosis will be compensated by a metabolic alkalosis with a delta ratio of 0.3