Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
7.40 / 40 / 80 / 24
what does each number indicate
pH pCO2 pO2 HCO3
Normal Values
pH 7.40 (7.36-7.44)
PCO2 40 (37-42)
HCO3 24 (22-26)
PO2 80-100
ph of acidemia vs alkalosis
acidemia = <7.36
alkalosis = >7.44
Chronic respiratory acidosis: ___ Rule
10:3 rule
rules for chronic and acute respiratory ALKALOSIS
ratio for metabolic alkalosis
7:10
7CO2: 10HCO3
when assessing the anion gap using electrolytes to see if there is an abnormal acid causing metabolic acidosis which anions/cations do you use?
Na+, HCO3, Cl
if the anion gap is over 12, there is a:
high acid gain metabolic acidosis HAGMA
causes of High anion gap acidosis
a mud pile
ASA, Methanol, Uremia, Diabeta Ketoacidosis, Propylene glycol, Isoniazid, Lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol
All of this leads to an increased AG and DECREASED HCO3
What is the respiratory compensation to
metabolic acidosis? (ie what happens to pCO2?)
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
TOO MUCH ___.
How do you compensate?
HCO3-
decreasing the HCO3- (bicarb) concentration will shift the equation to the left and increase _____ and generate ____. This process is called ___ acidosis. The kidneys mostly control your HCO3- levels.
increasing the CO2 will also shift the equation to the ____ and generate acidosis. This is called ___ acidosis because your ventilation controls your CO2 levels.
decreasing the HCO3- (bicarb) concentration will shift the equation to the left and increase H+ ion concentration and generate acidosis. This process is called metabolic acidosis. The kidneys mostly control your HCO3- levels.
increasing the CO2 will also shift the equation to the left and generate acidosis. This is called respiratory acidosis because your ventilation controls your CO2 levels.
If acidosis is present, then:
a high ___ could be causing it … or …
a low ___ could be causing it
If acidosis is present, then:
a high pCO2 could be causing it … or …
a low bicarb could be causing it
If alkalosis is present, then:
a low __ could be causing it … or …
a high ___ could be causing it
If alkalosis is present, then:
a low pCO2 could be causing it … or …
a high bicarb could be causing it
T/F the compensation is ALWAYS the opposite mechanism as the primary disturbance.
true:
if the primary disturbance is respiratory, the secondary compensatory mechanism must be metabolic
if the primary disturbance is metabolic, the secondary compensatory mechanism must be respiratory
examples of mixed primary disturbance
if there is a metabolic acidosis and a respiratory acidosis, then both processes are primary
if there is a metabolic alkalosis and a respiratory alkalosis, then both processes are primary
if you identify a primary respiratory acidosis (high ___) then you would expect a compensatory higher __
if you identify a primary respiratory alkalosis (low ___) then you would expect a compensatory lower __
if you identify a primary metabolic acidosis (low __) then you would expect a compensatory lower __
if you identify a primary metabolic alkalosis (high __) then you would expect a compensatory higher ___
if you identify a primary respiratory acidosis (high pCO2) then you would expect a compensatory higher bicarb
if you identify a primary respiratory alkalosis (low pCO2) then you would expect a compensatory lower bicarb
if you identify a primary metabolic acidosis (low bicarb) then you would expect a compensatory lower pCO2
if you identify a primary metabolic alkalosis (high bicarb) then you would expect a compensatory higher pCO2
NOTE:
metabolic acidosis will be compensated by respiratory alkalosis with a delta ratio of 1.0
metabolic alkalosis will be compensated by a respiratory acidosis with a delta ratio of 0.7
respiratory alkalosis will be compensated by a metabolic acidosis with a delta ratio of 0.5
respiratory acidosis will be compensated by a metabolic alkalosis with a delta ratio of 0.3
