Intro to ECG Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

movement of the charge:

if a postive charge moves away from the positive electrode, a ____ deflection is created.

A

a downward deflection.

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2
Q

movement of the charge:

if charge is moving, but not directly toward the positive lead, the deflection will be ___

A

will be smaller.

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3
Q

movement of the charge:

if the charge moves toward and then away, a ___ waveform will be created

A

if the charge moves toward and then away, a BIPHASIC waveform will be created.

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4
Q

movement of the charge:

if the charge moves perpendicular to the leads, then a ____ deflection results

A

then a very very small deflection results.

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5
Q

movement of the charge:

when will there be no deflection on the lead?

A
  1. if the charge is not moving
  2. if the tissue is very small
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6
Q

All 6 limb leads are ___ degreees apart.

A

30 degrees apart

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7
Q

einthoven’s triangle

A

the sum of all 3 leads is 0

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8
Q

positioning of 6 precordial leads

A
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9
Q

which leads are limb leads? Which ones are precordial?

A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

how to calculate the rate in an ECG lead?

A

To calculate: 300 divided by number of big squares between beats

300/4 = 756 bpm

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13
Q

calculate the rate

A

300/2 = 150

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14
Q

there are 3 types of rhythm

A

 regular

 irregular with a pattern

 irregular with no pattern

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15
Q

analyze the rhythm

A

regular but fast

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16
Q

analyze the rhythm

A

skipped a beat

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17
Q

analyze the rhythm

A

irregular with a pattern

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18
Q

analyze the rhythm

A

irregular with no pattern

19
Q

note:

20
Q

interpret this ECG

A

Nonexistant P wave– very diminished

21
Q

interpret this ECG

A

P waves are present, and they are all on the same size and shape. BUT there are not as many QRS segments compared to P segments. There are more.

22
Q

what does it mean if there are P waves without QRS’s?

A

AV node is not working properly or there is an SA block in the conduction between atria and ventricle.

the P wave indicates atrial depolarization. if there is no QRS, something is wrong with the ventricle. either something isn’t reaching the ventricle or it isn’t contracting

23
Q

what is going on to the P waves? Why is there still a QRS?

A

These are not P waves– this is baseline garbage. there is no atria conduction. It’s even hard to determine the T wave.

This is atrial fibrillation. Can get QRS wihtout the P wave because there might be a pacemaker somewhere else in the heart that allows the ventricle to receive electricle stimulation even if the SA node is not functioning properly.

24
Q

A p wave inversion can happen if the ___ node is the pacemaker rather than the ___ node.

A

A p wave inversion can happen if the AV node is the pacemaker rather than the SA node.

25
What are these P waves doing?
P wave is behind the QRS and then going before.
26
how do you tell if the PR interval is short, normal or long?
 Short is less than 3 little squares (\<0.12 sec)  Normal is 3-5 little squares (0.12 to 0.20 sec)  Long is more than 5 little squares (\>0.20 sec) the PR interval measures conduction through the AV node
27
the PR interval measures conduction through the ____ node
the PR interval measures conduction through the **AV node**
28
note: if there are more P waves than QRS complexes, then some P waves won’t have a PR interval, because there will be no “R” from the absent QRS
29
how long is the PR interval?
4. note: each square is about .04 seconds
30
how long is the PR interval
7 square x 0.04 = 0.28s. it's a bit long.
31
why is there no PR interval?
Some P waves don't have PR intervals because there is no QRS
32
how long is the PR interval?
2.5 = short PR interval. PR interval in this one is constant.
33
There is only one question for the QRS complex for single lead ECG:
Is the width of the QRS complex narrow (normal) or wide? Normal QRS is less than 3 little squares (0.12s)
34
causes of a wide QRS:
1. delay through the normal conducting system 2. the beat that is conducted through the cardiac muscle. A slow conduction/slow moving event will cause a wide QRS. Could be due to diseased conducting system .
35
analyze QRS complex
normal
36
analyze QRS complex
4 units. a bit wide.
37
4 options for a pacemaker
38
if the ventricle is the pacemaker, the QRS will be \_\_\_.
will be wide. therefore, a narrow QRS rules out the ventricle .
39
what part of the ECG will be affected if there is a junctional pacemaker.
will not have a normal PR interval. therefore, a normal PR interval rules out the AV node as a pacemaker. Also rules out the ventricles as the pacemaker because you would see a QRSD elongation
40
What is the pattern for atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation is irregular with no pattern. A regular rhythm rules out fibrillation.
41
what is the pattern for ventricular fibrillation?
has no QRS's. thus, the presence of QRS's rules out VF
42
Note;
43
inverted P waves usually rule out the ___ node
usually rule out the SA node.