Intro to Immunology Lecture Flashcards
The immune response system is primarily made up of
several types of mobile cells that arrange themselves into organs and tissues
Cells of immune system interact with each other through
direct contact
chemical messengers and receptors
Basic components of the immune system
innate
adaptive/acquired
Innate
ancient system present in most eukaryotic life forms
pre-infection
exhibits broad specification
early response to infection
rapid response
Adaptive/Acquired
exists only in vertebrates
matures on exposure to antigen
is remembered
slow response
Types of cells in adaptive/acquired system
B cell
T cell
Where do the cells of the immune system come from
hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
production of blood cells
- myeloid
- lymphoid
Maturation of lymphocytes occurs in
Central Lymphoid organs
B cells mature where
bone marrow of mammals
T cells mature where
thymus
Hematopoiesis occurs most in what part of the body
pelvis and vertebral
Blood cells all come from
blood stem cells
Maturation starts in the _____ and continues as cells move towards the _____
outer cortex
medulla
what percentage of thymocytes make it out alive
5%
Thymocyte development
T cell precursor in subcapsular sinus of outer cortex
move through cortex, lots of selection/proliferation/apoptotic death
only a few go to medulla and out
during thymocyte development they acquire
diverse specificity and other surface receptors/markers
The thymus does what with age
shrinks
Classes of lymphocytes
B
helper T
Cytotoxic T
natural killer cells
natural killer T cells
gamma delta T cells
Job of b lymphocytes
neutralize microbes, phagocytosis, complement activation
Job of helper T lymphocytes
activation of macrophages
inflammation
activation of T and B lymphocytes
Job of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
killing of infected cell
Job of regulatory T lymphocyte
suppression of immune response
Job of natural killer cell
killing of infected cell
Where do the immune responses happen
lymph nodes
spleen
cutaneous immune system (skin)
mucosal immune system
Job of lymphatic system
enhancement and facilitation of the immune system
Job of the lymph node
filtering substances that travel through the lymphatic system
What is the major site of immune responses to blood-borne antigens and infections
spleen
Where is the spleen located
behind the liver, over the kidney, has a single artery, arterioles, vascular sinusoids, venules and a single vein to portal vasculature (liver)
What organ is both hematopoietic and lymphoid
spleen
Red pulp
location in spleen
destruction of old red blood cells
White pulp
location in spleen-lymphoid and immune response
T cell areas in white pulp
periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
B cell areas in white pulp
lymphoid follicles (germinal centers)
Peyer’s patch is located
in the lamina propria
Innate immune cells
dendritic cells
circulating monocytes
macrophages
Langerhans cells
first guard of skin immune system
What goes on during an adaptive immune response
recognition
activation and proliferation
differentiation
effector functions and memory
homeostasis
Passive immunity
transfer of immune responses to a naive animal
Through passive immunity you can transfer
antibodies or lymphocytes
How do adaptive immunity and innate immunity interact
innate begins process of adaptive
adaptive can augment abilities of innate
innate can extend functions of adaptive
Innate immunity enhances
effector functions of adaptive immunity
Stimulation of an effective immune response usually requires
more than just a signal provided by the antigen
may be soluble product or surface ligand
Go signal of antigens and the clonal selection theory
selection process outside the central lymphoid organs
Clonal selection
antigen does not change specificity, it selects it
Ready to be selected and activated antigen specific T lymphocytes do what
make themselves available by circulating
activation alters whether they stay or go and where they settle
