Intro to Endocrinology (L11) Flashcards
Which neurosecretory cells are found in the hypothalamus?
Which endocrine cells are found in the anterior pituitary?
TRH and CRH
TSH and ACTH
Where does ACTH act to produce cortisol?
Where does TSH acts to make T3/T4?
ACTH = Adrenal Cortex
TSH = Thyroid
Prolactin, LH, GH, TSH, FSH are located in the:
A. Anterior Pituitary
B. Adrenal Cortex
C. Hypothalamus
A. Anterior Pituitary
How are the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary connected?
Vascularly
What is the path by which neurocrine hormones travel to reach the AP?
Nerve Terminal
Capillary Bed
Portal System
Anterior Pituitary
Peptides and Catecholamines
- major form in plasma?
- duration of effect?
- location of receptor?
- most common signaling mechanisms?
- Free
- Fast effect
- Receptors in: plasma membrane
- 2nd messengers/intrinsic enzyme activity/enzyme activation via receptor
Steroids and Thyroid Hormones
- major form in plasma?
- duration of effect?
- location of receptor?
- most common signaling mechanisms?
-Protein bound
-Slow effect (hours to days)
-Intracellular receptor
-Intracellular receptor DIRECTLY alters gene transcription
Activation of ____ leads to protein synthesis
A. Steroid hormones
B. Peptide hormones
A. Steroid hormones
True or False: Steroid hormones have a quick effect and have extracellular receptors
False - steroid hormones have intracellular receptors and have a DELAYED effect
Which type of hormone is able to bind to receptors and activate target cell?
A. Total horme
B. Bound hormone
C. Free hormone
C. Free hormones
True or False: Steroid hormones are hydrophobic and require transport proteins
True
Which hormones are made on demand?
A. Peptide hormones
B. Steroid hormones
B. Steroid hormones
True or False: All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol
True
Generation of the SAME second messenger in DIFFERENT tissues may generate SAME/DIFFERENT biological response?
Generation of the SAME second messenger in DIFFERENT tissues may generate DIFFERENT biological response
Activation of SAME receptor in SAME tissue by DIFFERENT hormones generates the SAME/DIFFERENT response
Activation of SAME receptor in SAME tissue by DIFFERENT hormones generates the SAME response
G-Protein Linked Receptors, Cytoplasmic JAK, Protein Kinases, and Ion Channels are examples of what type of cell surface receptors?
Peptide Hormone Receptors
True or False: Peptide Hormones are hydrophobic and require a transport protein
False - Peptide hormones are hydrophilic and do NOT require transport protein
What type of hormones store pre-formed hormones, which allows for a rapid response?
Peptide hormones
What type of hormones are associated with: calcium dependent exocytosis and large precursor pre-pro-hormones?
Peptide hormones
Three structural classifications of hormones?
1) amino acid derivative - e.g thyroid hormone
2) peptides
3) steroids
What type of hormone-hormone interaction is described below?
Hormones A and B both produce a significant change in the same biological response, but together they produce a response much greater than the sum?
A. Trophic
B. Synergy
C. Permisiveness
D. Counteregulation
B. Synergy
____: hormones required for growth and maintenance of target cells (hypertrophy and atrophy) - they are also hormones that stimulate secretion of another hormone from an endocrine gland
Trophic
What type of hormone-hormone interaction is described below?
Two hormones regulate the same variable (e.g plasma glucose) - one hormone INCREASES the variable while the other hormone DECREASES the variable
Counter-regulatory hormones
What type of hormone-hormone interaction is described below?
Hormone A does NOT produce a significant change in biological response, but Hormone B does. When both hormones are present, hormone B’s response is much greater.
A. Trophic
B. Synergy
C. Permisiveness
D. Counter-regulation
C. Permisiveness
