Intro To Cytology/microscopy Flashcards
What are the names of the different steps in tissue preparation?
- Fixation
- Dehydration
- Clearing
- Infiltration
- Sectioning
- Staining
- Mounting
What is the most common stain used for typical cells, and what are the characteristics of the different stains/colors?
H&E
Hematoxylin -> Stains blue to Basophilic structures (chromatin)
Eosin -> Stains Red for acidophilus structures (Cytoplasm, Some organelles)
Describe the structure of the nucleus.
- lipid belayer membrane called nuclear membrane with nuclear pores dispersed between
- Nucleolus within used in production of rRNA
- Euchromatin -> dispersed and actively transcribed
- Heterochromatin -> compact and silenced/inactive
What is a Barr Body?
Inactive X chromosome
What major components are made of actin microfilaments?
- Contractile rings (division)
- Zonula Adherens
- Terminal webs
- Microvilli
- Thin Muscle filaments
What are the major structures made by microtubules?
- Centrioles
- Mitotic spindle
- Axonemes and basal bodies
- cilia
How do different organelles stain In H&E?
- Mt -> Acidophilic (red)
- Ribosome -> Basophilic (Blue)
- RER -> Basophilic (Blue)
Differentiate the two pathways used by lysosomes.
- Heterophagy -> Breakdown of other particles ingested (Phagocytosis)
- Autophagy -> Breakdown of the cell’s contents
What are the types of cellular adaptations?
Atrophy -> Decrease in size
Hypertrophy -> Increase in size
Hyperplasia -> Increase in cell number
What are common reasons for heavy acidophilic staining?
- High Mt activity
- Secretory vesicles
- Lysosome
What are common reasons for heavy Basophilic staining?
- Ribosome activity
2. Hematoxylin Secretory vesicles
What are common reasons for little to no staining?
- Lipids
- Glycogen
- Mucus
