Blood Cytology

Question 1

What are the two regions of a platelet?

Answer 1

Hyalomere: Outer light staining zone; primarily cytoskeleton all components such as microtubules

Granulomere: Inner Dark staining zone filled with dense bodies, granules, platelet proteins, etc.

Question 2

What are the histological characteristics of a neutrophil?

Answer 2

• Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
• Multilobule nucleus (3-6)
• Light granules
• Function as phagocytes
• Barr Body is females

Question 3

What are the histological characteristics of a eosinophil?

Answer 3

• Bilobed nucleus
• Large Red-orange granules
• Contain histamine, phospholipase, peroxidase, and MBP
• Allergies + Parasites

Question 4

What are the histological characteristics of a Basophils?

Answer 4

• Obscured Bilobed nucleus
• Variable dark staining granules
• Histamine, PAF Heparin
• Anaphylaxis, IfE mediated reactions and hypersensitivities

Question 5

What are the histological characteristics of a Monocyte?

Answer 5

• Kidney shaped nucleus

- Phagocytic precursor

Question 6

What are the histological characteristics of Leukocytes?

Answer 6

• Variable in size
• Nucleus is round, intensely Heterochromatic, and surrounded by a thin rim of basophilic cytoplasm
• Lg cells have axurophilic granules
• Major cells of acquired immune system (T Cells, B Cells, NK Cells)

Question 7

What are the sections of Red Marrow?

Answer 7

1. Stroke - Reticular cells/fibers
2. Hemipoeitic cords - Developing blood cells
3. Sinusoids - Discontinuous irregular capillaries with large lumens

Question 8

Differentiate the two major developmental sites for blood tissue.

Answer 8

Myeloid series (Bone Marrow): RBCs, Platelets, granulocytes and monocytes

Lymphoid Series (Thymus): Lymphocytes and Plasma cells

Question 9

What are the major tenses in RBC Formation?

Answer 9

1. Decrease in Size
2. Condensation of nuclear material and extrusion of nucleus
3. Round nucleus in center of cell
4. Decreasing cytoplasmic basophilia (Decrease in polyribosomes)
5. Increasing acidophilic (Increased hemoglobin)

Question 10

What are the stages of erythropoiesis and the major histological markers?

Answer 10

1. Proerythroblast: LArge round nucleus with visible nucleoli and mildly basophilic cytoplams
2. Basophilic erythroblast: Round Splotchy heterochromatic nuclei and intensely basophilic cytoplasm
3. Polychromatophilic erythroblast: Checkerboard heterochromatic nucleus and mixed color cytoplasm looking gray
4. Orthochromatic normoblast: Small dense heterochromatic pyknotic nucleus with acidophilic cytoplasm
5. Reticulocyte: Absent nucleus and special stain (Cresyl blue) to see cytoplasm
6. Mature erythrocytes: Absent nucleus and eosinophilia cytoplasm

Question 11

What are the major trends in granulopoiesis?

Answer 11

1. Decrease in size
2. Nuceus changes from round to lobulated
3. Appearance of granules

Question 12

What stage do Specific granules appear in granulopoeisis?

Answer 12

Stage 3: Myelocyte

Question 13

Which granulocytes go through a band granulocytes stage?

Answer 13

Neutrophil and eosinophil

Question 14

What are stages of Monopoiesis and major characteristics?

Answer 14

1. Monoblast: N:C = 4:1; 3-4 nucleoli and basophilic cytoplasm
2. Immature monocytes: N:C = 2:1; Oval and eccentric nucleus and pale bluish cytoplasms with vacuoles
3. Mature monocyte: N:C = 1:1; kidney shaped nucleus; pale bluish cytoplasms with vacuoles