Intro To Anatomy Flashcards
What is anatomy
The study of the structure of body parts and their function and how to relate to each other
What is clinical anatomy
Structure and function of macroscopic of body parts and how it relates to the practice of medicine
Three groups of anatomy
1 Gross
2 Histology
3 Embryology
Divisions of study of anatomy
1 regional
2 systematic
Anatomical position
It is based on the body erect upper limps by the side and face palm, hands and feet facing forward all descriptions are related to this
Median plane
Imaginary vertical line running longitudinal to the body dividing it into 2 halves
Sagittal plane
Imaginary vertical line running longitudinal to the body and parallel to the median plane
Frontal ( Coronal plane )
Imaginary vertical line running longitudinal to the body and perpendicular to the median plane and divide the body into anterior and posterior
Transverse plane
Imaginary horizontal line perpendicular to the median and frontal plane and dividing the body into superior and inferior also called axial plane
Sections described by anatomical plans
1 longitudinal section
2 transverse section
3 oblique section
Medial ,intermediate and lateral
- closer to Median plane
- in between a median and lateral structure
- further from
Upper limb medial and lateral
- ulnar
- radial
Lower limp medial and lateral
- tibial
- fibulae / Peroneal
Medial and lateral rotation
- Rotation around the longitudinal axis of a body such that the anterior aspect faces medically
- faces laterally
Superior and inferior and synonyms
- cranial means towards the top
- caudal means towards the lower end.
Anterior and posterior and synonyms
- ventral means towards the front of body
- dorsal means towards the back
Proximal and distal
/Towards the attached end of a limp
- farther from
Dorsum
This is the superior aspect of a body part protruding anteriorly
Hand and feet front and back
- palmar and dorsal
- dorsum and plantar
Superficial , deep and intermediate
- Towards the the surface of the body
- farther from
- in between superficial and deep structure
Bilateral, Unilateral , Ipsilateral and contralateral
- Paired structure is having right and left members
- structures on one side of the body
- structures on the same side of the body
- structures on different sides of the body
Flexion and extension
- occurs in sagittal plane and around transverse axis
- Flexion is the decreasing of the angle between body parts or movement in the anterior direction
- Extension is the increasing of the angle between body parts with a straightening of limbs or movement in the posterior direction
Knee 180 rotation so !?
It’s flexion is in the posterior direction and extension in the anterior direction
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- Movement of raising the toes at ankle joint
- movement of bending feet towards the ground
Abduction and adduction
- occurs along the coronal plane
- movement away from the midline in the coronal plane
- movement toward the midline in the coronal plane
Abduction and adduction in digits and thump
- spreading apart ( abd) and closing the gap ( addu)
- thumps at 90 degrees rotation so abduction away from the fingers and adduction towards the other fingers
Circumduction
Sequential flexion abduction extension and abduction in such a way that the distal end of the path moves in a circle
Pronation and Supination
- Medial rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces posteriorly
- palm faces anteriorly
Protraction and Retraction
- to move forward
- to move backward
Eversion and inversion
Movement of the foot such that the Sole faces the lateral direction
movement of the foot such that the sole faces meet you direction
Elevation and depression
Raises or moves apart superiorly
raises or move the part inferiorly
