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Anatomy > Cartillage > Flashcards

Cartillage Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of cartilage

A
  • high conc of gag’s and proteoglycans
  • tough durable
  • has firm consistency allowing to resist mechanical stress
  • has smooth low friction surface
  • not vasculated
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2
Q

Functions of cartilage

A
  • provides framework to support softer tissue
  • smooth sliding surface for joints
  • shock absorber due to trapped water.
  • facilitates growth of bone
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3
Q

Cells of cartilage characteristics and their functions

A
  • chondroblasts and chondrocytes

- synthesis and secrete ecm components

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4
Q

What allows cartilage to act as shock absorbers

A

-high content of water bound to hyaluronan

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5
Q

How do metabolites move to cells

A

-through diffusion via interstitial fluid mediated by compression and decompression of tissue during movement

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6
Q

Structure of perichondrium

A
  • dense sheath of CT with collagen 1
  • outer region has collagen 1 and fibroblasts
  • inner region adjoining cartilage is mesenchymal stem cells
  • has blood supply
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7
Q

Which cartilage does not have perichondrium and how is it supplied

A
  • articulate cartilage at joints

- diffusion of metabolites from synovial joints

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8
Q

Types of cartilage

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
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9
Q

Characteristics and structure of hyaline

A
  • glass like, homogenous cartilage
  • no perichondrium at articular joints
  • has type 2 collagen and aggrecan
  • cells isolated in isogenous aggregates
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10
Q

Where is hyaline found in adults and young children

A
  • large respiratory walls
  • ventral part of ribs
  • at joints
  • in epiphyseal

-temporary skeletal structure

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11
Q

Matrix of cartilage structure and components and their functions

A
  • 40% dry mass collagen 2 in hydrated ground substance
  • aggrecan most abundant proteoglycans bound on hyalaronan
  • basophilic due to sulfates gag’s
  • chondronectin binds cells to ecm
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12
Q

Territorial and inter territorial matrix

A

-matrix immediately around isogenous groups with high conc of Gag’s

-region further from aggregates and in between territorial groups
Less gag’s and more collagen

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13
Q

Where are cells found in cartilage

A

Lacunae

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14
Q

Shape of chondroblasts and chondrocytes and where found

A
  • elliptical with long axis parallel to surface and at peripheral of cartilage
  • more rounded and found in isogenous aggregates embedded in cartilage
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15
Q

How many cells make a isogenous aggregates

A

Up to 8

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16
Q

How to cartilage cells metabolize and why

A

-anaerobic glycolysis due to low O2 conditions

17
Q

What defines thickness of cartilage

A

-the limits of diffusion

18
Q

How is secretion of gag’s accelerated

A

-somatotropin stimulates liver to release somatomedins which directly stimulate chondroblasts to accelerate more gag’s

19
Q

Elastic cartilage structure and characteristics as function

A
  • similar to hyaline cartilage but with abundance of elastic fibers
  • yellow color of fresh cut elastic cartilage
  • has perichondrium everywhere

-provides structural support to softer tissue

20
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A
  • ear and auditory canals

- upper respiratory tract

21
Q

Fibrocartilage structure and characteristics

A
  • no distinct perichondrium
  • a mixture of hyaline and dense CT
  • both collagen 1 and 2 present
  • cells are aligned and singular in isogenous aggregates
  • aggregates separated by dense collagen 1 and scattered fibroblast
22
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found and function

A
  • vertebrate disc
  • pubic symphysis

-where tough cushioning is needed

23
Q

Chondrogenisis

A

Mesenchyme in Embryonic CT starts to divide and differentiate producing a Tissue with condensed chondroblasts

  • The cells begin to synthesize and secrete matrix and separate from each other as matrix grows and swells with water
  • The chondroblasts start to divide and give rise to aggregates surrounded by territorial matrix
24
Q

Lineage of cartilage

A

-embryonic mesenchyme

25
Q

How does differentiation occur within cartilage

A

-from the center outwards

26
Q

What happens to superficial mesenchyme

A

-it becomes perichondrium

27
Q

How does cartilage growth occur

A

1 appositional - This involves differentiation of mesenchymal cells in perichondrium

2 interstitial- This involves mitotic division of pre-existing chondrocytes

28
Q

How is worn out articulate renewed and why

A

-from within

/no perichondrium

29
Q

How does repair occur in children and what is it dependent on

A

Cartilage undergoes slow growth

- dependent on perichondrium cells which invade injured area in produce new cell

30
Q

How does repair of cartilage occur

A

-Perichondrium produces scar of density instead of forming you Cartilage

31
Q

Why is cartilage repair slow

A

Cartilage Lacks vasculature metabolism slow

Anatomy (15 decks)

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