Intro to A&P

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

A relatively stable internal environment

Question 2

Common CHARACTERISTICS of Life

Answer 2

• MRS C GREN (7 things)
• Cell is the smallest functional and structural unit of life, uni and multi
• Organisation is structural arrangement and connectivity, complex them pathways and fats, lipids, nucleic acids, carbs, protein etc come together to make a cell
• Responsiveness - ability to detect and respond to external stimuli in the immediate environment
• Regulation - ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to fluctuating external stimuli
• Reproduction
  *Physical GROWTH and maturity
  *Metabolism, them pathways, anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking)

Question 3

Common PROCESSES of Life

Answer 3

CERD
* Circulation of blood, cellular wastes, nutrients, O2 through the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
* Excretion of cellular wastes, by-products of metabolic pathways, CO2, digested food to excrete toxic wastes, maintain body temp and composition of body fluids and tissues through circulation, digestion and excretion
* Respiration takin in O2 give out CO2, respiratory and circulatory
* Digestion, mechanical and chemical process, make large nutrients into smaller useable ones, absorbed by villi to maintain + produce cells.

Question 4

What are cells measured in?

Answer 4

micro-meter i.e 1 millionth of a metre

Question 5

Types of cells?

Answer 5

SBBF CNR
* Smooth muscle cells- long and slender, found in many organs
*Blood - flat RBCs and spherical WBCs. Transport of O2 and fight of infection
*Bone - found in small cavities in the mass of the bone, Maintain bone and recycle Ca and Phosphate stored
* Fat - stores excess Energy, spherical
* Cell lining digestive tract - delicate, absorb nutrients and H2O
* Nervous - process info, thought, memory, consciousness, muscle control
*Reproductive cells - Oocyte (very small numbers monthly) and sperm (large numbers monthly)

Question 6

Basic principles of cell theory

Answer 6

• Cells are structural building blocks of living beings
• Smallest structural unit that has all the vital functions
• Reproduces through division of pr-existing cells

Question 7

What is Histology the study of?

Answer 7

Tissues

Question 8

Types of Primary tissues?

Answer 8

CEMN (4)

Question 9

Connective tissue?

Answer 9

Connective - Diverse in appearance. Consists of cells and a extracellular matrix. Matrix further broken into ground state and fibre. Consistency and amount of GS depends on type of connective tissue. eg bone has a more durable matrix with crystals of Ca salts organised in a fibrous network and very little GS. Blood is a CT, with watery matrix called plasma

Question 10

Epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

A layer of cells that covers exposed areas and forms a barrier with specific properties. Covers and protects, lines internal passageways, cavities and chambers and produces glandular secretions

Question 11

Muscle tissue?

Answer 11

Own cell can contract forcefully, skeletal movement, soft tissue support, maintaining body temp and blood flow, transporting nutrients, contracts to produce active movement
* Skeletal - directly and indirectly connected to the skeleton, when it contracts, it moves/stabilises the position of the internal organs and bones
* Cardiac is the co-ordinated contraction of heart muscles to pump blood
* Smooth - found in the walls of blood vessels, digestive, repro, respiratory, circulatory tracts.

Question 12

Nervous tissue?

Answer 12

The cells transmit info from one end of the body to the other
* Neurons - Transmit the info
*Neuroglia - structural support for the neurons + insulation an protection