Gait cycle Flashcards
Pros of quadrupedal standing
Big base of support which offers stability
Cons of quadrupedal standing
Require the joints to be active to stay upright = needing a lot of E
Features of bipedal standing
small but strong base area of plantar contact with ground
What do structures need to provide in bipedal standing
Stability and support
How to be E efficient in bipedalism
By using external forces to be E efficient rather than have active muscles
What can gravity act as?
An agonist/antagonist
How does the line of g pass through the lower limb?
Pos to hip joint centre
ant to knee joint centre
ant to ankle joint centre
What does g do when we stand?
Brings the hip into extension and this anchors + locks the hip as the ligaments of the hip become tight
How do the tight ligaments of the hip help while standing
Doesn’t require the big muscles used for walking to be active so a lot of E is saved
How are the capsular ligaments structured?
They are twisted around the joint
How does the position of the hip influence the ligaments movement?
Hip flexion: anterior ligs are lax and pos is taut
Hip extension: anterior ligs are taut and pos is lax as hip is pushed into extension by g
How does the knee lock into place when standing?
Gravity pushes knee into extension and g line is anterior so g pushes from the front
Collateral ligaments lock in place to stabilise and dont have to use quads, hamstrings + gastrocnemius
Why can we rotate our knee when flexed
collateral ligaments are lax
Does the ankle joint lock?
g line is ant to ankle so pushes body forward into dorsiflexion as ankle doesn’t lock
How do we stabilise ourselves when standing
We pull ourselves into plantarflexion by tricepts surae so E is used
