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HUBS > 4 Basic types of tissues > Flashcards

4 Basic types of tissues Flashcards

1
Q

How many different types of cells?

A

200

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2
Q

Definition of tissue

A

Different types of cells that interact to form tissues with specialised functions.

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3
Q

Study of Tissue

A

Histology

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4
Q

4 types of tissues

A

CEMN

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5
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • Contains cells and extracellular matrix
  • Matrix made of ground substance and fibres
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6
Q

What does Connective tissue do?

A
  • Provides structural support
  • Fills internal spaces
  • Stores Energy
  • TRANSPORTS FLUIDS + MATS
  • DEFENDS BODY
    *CONNECTS, SUPPORTS AND SURROUNDS TISSUES
  • STORES E AS TRIGLYCERIDES
  • PROTECTS DELICATE ORGANS
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7
Q

Connective tissue types

A

3 TYPES:
* Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
- Loose - Areolar, Reticular and Adipose
- Dense - Regular, Irregular and Elastic
* Fluid Connective Tissue (FCT)
- Blood
- Lymph
* Supportive Connective Tissue (SCT)
- Bone
- Cartilage - Elastic, Fibrous, Hyaline

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8
Q

Epithelial Types

A

Sheets of cells, makes up 3% of the basic tissues
Epithelia - has Microvilli (APICAL) and basolateral layers
Glands - folded into a small space to produce the secretions

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9
Q

What does the Epithelial tissue do?

A
  • lines internal chambers and passageways
  • protects/ covers exposed surfaces
  • Produces glandular secretions
  • Controls the permeability
  • Provides sensation
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10
Q

Muscle tissue and its types

A

Contracts to produce movement
* Musculoskeletal - pulls on/stabilise bones (voluntary)
* Cardiac - contracts the heart to pump blood through heart + blood vessels (in)
* Smooth - contracts to move fluids + solids through the digestive tract + controls the diameter of blood vessels (in)

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11
Q

Nervous tissue cells and what does it do

A

It has Neurons and Neuroglia/glial cells.
* Carries info
* Conducts electrical impulses

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12
Q

Loose Connective tissue and its types

A

Consists of extracellular protein fibres, syrupy ground state and two types of cells
* Fixed - permanent residents; repair, maintain and store energy
* Wandering - Defense and repair of damaged tissues

  • Areolar
  • Adipose
  • Reticular
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13
Q

Areolar (loose, CTP)

A

Most common type and least specialised, all cell types are found
* Fibres
- Collagen - thick, strong, can be straight/wavy, can form bundles, resists stretching
- Elastic - thin, slender, stretchy, retains shape after distortion
- Reticular - tough, forms a strong branching network

  • Fixed cells
  • Melanocytes - synthesise the brown-yellow pigment melanin
  • Mast - causes local inflammation and mobilises tissue defenses
  • Fibroblast - produces HYA and PROTEINS that form the ground state, creates extracellular FIBRES
  • Fibrocyte - maintains extracellular fibres
  • Adipocyte - stores lipids (E) in the intracellular vesicles
  • Fixes Macrophage - Phagocyte, engulfs cell debris and pathogens
  • Wandering
  • Wandering Macrophage - just mobile
  • Lymphocyte - MOBILE immune cell
  • Plasma cell - mobile immune cell that produces antibodies
  • Mesenchymal - mobile stem cell that repairs damaged tissues
  • Neutrophils and Eonsinophils - small phagocytic cells
  • Ground state - Clear, colourless and viscous because of the proteoglycans and glycoproteins
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14
Q

Adipose (loose, CTP)

A

Contains a lot of Adipocytes deep in the skin
* Cushions + stores E. Found in flanks, bootay, melons, PADDING IN THE ORBIT OF EYE, surrounds kidneys, abdominopelvic area.

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15
Q

Reticular (loose, CTP)

A

forms a tough, fliexible 3-D network CALLED THE STROMA that supports the organs cells AND RESISTS STRETCHING. Fixed macrophages and fibroblasts are found but seldom seen as the cells of the particular tissue take up the space
* Found in BLLKS (Rhymes with milk heheee)
- Bone marrow
- Lymph nodes
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Spleen

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16
Q

What type of tissue is Bone?

A

Supporting Connective Tissue

17
Q

Bone tissue

A

Osseous, very little ground state

18
Q

What is the Bone Matrix made of?

A
  • 2/3 made of brittle, insoluble, Calcium salts i.e Calcium phosphate and lesser Calcium Carbonate
  • Rest made from collagen fibres that supports the “concrete”. SOMEWHAT FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE WITH LOW CHANCE OF SHATTERING
19
Q

Describe bone

A

Typically hollow
* weight bearing Compact bone
* Fibrous network of spongy bone

20
Q

Functional unit of Compact bone called

A

Osteon

21
Q

7 facts of compact bone

A
  1. Arranged in concentric layers around blood vessels
  2. superficial layer of bone deposited under periosteum during appositional growth and as matrix calcified, INTERSTITAL GROWTH CAN’T HAPPEN.
  3. Very vascular, has larger vessels connected to smaller inner vessels
  4. (Joints have hyaline cartilage as a cover). Bones have Periosteum
    * Fibrous - connects to surrounding tissues and associated tendons + ligaments
    * Cellular - partakes in appositional growth + REPAIR AFTER DAMAGE
    * Lacunae - contains the osteocytes and are found surrounding the blood vessel
    * Canaliculi - little channels FORMING A NETWORK that transport mats, nutrients and O2 to the osteocytes AS THEY CANNOT DIFFUSE THROUGH CALCIFIED BONE MATRIX
    * Central canal has the blood vessel and sensory nerves
22
Q

Makeup of the tissues

A

Muscle - 50
Connective - 45
Epithelial - 3
Nervous - 2

23
Q

Describe skeletal tissue (M)

A

Found in muscle tissue W CONNECTIVE + NERVOUS
* Long, cylindrical, striated, multinucleate
- moves/stabilises skeleton, guards exits/entryways of RUD, GENERATES HEAT, protects internal organs

24
Q

Describe Cardiac tissue (M)

A
  • short, striated, branched, usually single nucleus, connected to others at intercalated discs
  • Synchronises cardiocyte contractions
25
Q

Describe Smooth tissue (M)

A
  • Short, single nucleus, non-striated, SPINDLE
  • Control diameter and movement of solids + fluids

Found throughout CERD

26
Q

Nervous tissue

A

98% found in CNS

27
Q

Neurons

A

Transfer info from one end to another
* Dendrites - intercepts info through chemicals from other neurons
* Cell body, has the nucleus and a large nucleolus, CInfoPU, control centre, doesn’t have centrioles so cannot divide well for repair
* Axon, the tail, electrical impulse i.e info passes through here. THEY ARE ALSO LONG AND SLENDER HENCE CALLED NERVE FIBRES

28
Q

Neuroglia

A

Different types
* Give structure
* Protects neurons
* Repair damage to neurons
* PROVIDES NUTRIENTS
* PEFORMS PHAGOCYTOSIS
* REGULATE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITAL FLUID AROUND NEURONS

29
Q

Rotation

A

Head + trunk = left + right
Limbs = medial + lateral

30
Q

Joint at the neck

A

Atlanto - axial joint

31
Q

Joints of the radius + ulna?

A

Near the humerus - proximal radio-ulnar joint
At the wrist - Distal ‘’ ‘’

32
Q

Palms facing forward, no rotation of radius head

A

Supination

33
Q

Rotation of radius head due to proximal radio-ulnar joint

A

Pronation

34
Q

Opposition

A

Move thumb inwards towards pads of fingers + palms
* movement of 1st carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal, 5th <– assists with movement

35
Q

Protraction + retraction

A

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane and vice versa

36
Q

Inversion ad eversion

A

sole of foot moving towards the medial of body and vice versa

HUBS (27 decks)

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