Human movement and sensation - L16 Flashcards

1
Q

What does our nervous system do>

A

Senses our environment (through sensory systmem) and provides an appropriate response to the stimulus

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2
Q

Maintaining homeostasis

A

Integration –> Co-ordination –> response
*Is the environment safe/dangerous
*Are there any challenges

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3
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

What are the cells classes of the CNS?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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5
Q

What does the PNS consists of?

A

Peripheral nerves and ganglia

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6
Q

What are the cells classes of the PNS?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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7
Q

General features of neurons?

A

*Cells specialised in transmission of info
*4 morphological types

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8
Q

General features of neuroglia?

A

*Supports neurons and not involved in the transmission of info
*5 types - 4 in CNS, 1 in the PNS
*Each type has a specific function

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9
Q

What are the structural components of neurons

A

*Dendrites
*Cell bodies
*Axons
*Axon terminals

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

*Receives info from other neurons and passes it down to the cell body

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11
Q

Cell body

A

*Receives info, holds and integrates it
*Control centre of the cell

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12
Q

Axon

A

*Transmits info in the form of an AP - electrical impulse over a long distance
*May or may not be myelinated

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13
Q

Axon terminals

A

*End of axon
*Neurotransmitter release to another cell

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14
Q

How are neurons usually arranged?

A

In a row

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15
Q

In the CNS, groups of cell bodies are called?

A

Nucleus pl. Nuclei
*Neurons with the same function

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16
Q

In the CNS, bundles of axons are called?

A

Tracts

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17
Q

In the CNS, groups of cell bodies in cerebral cortex and spinal cord is called?

A

Grey matter

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18
Q

In the CNS, bundles of axons in cerebral cortex and spinal cord is called?

A

White matter

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19
Q

Groups of cell bodies in the PNS

20
Q

bundles of axons in the PNS

21
Q

What is the input zone?

A

Cell body and dendrites
*Receives chem signals from other neurons

22
Q

Summation zone

A

Axon hillock
*Where all the info gets collected and a “decision” is made

23
Q

Conduction zone

A

Axon that can be quite long
*Carries electrical signals

24
Q

Output zone

A

Axons terminals
*Releases neurotrans
*Contacts other neurons or effectors

25
Why are there different shapes for neurons?
They are specialised for different tasks
26
4 basic types of neurons
*Multipolar *Bipolar *Unipolar *Anaxonic
27
Multipolar
Multiple processes (axon or dendrites) from the cell body
28
Bipolar
Two processes from cell body
29
Unipolar
One single process that then branch to form input and output zones
30
Anaxonic
All processes look alike and dont have a specific process (axon)
31
Glial cells of the CNS
*Astrocytes *Oligodendrocytes *Microglia *Ependymal cells
32
Astrocytes
*Star shaped cells *Supply nutrients to neurons *Go to site of injury and help neurons to survive the injury Ensheath blood capillaries
33
Microglia
*Immune cells *Patrol and engulf microorganisms and debris
34
Ependymal cells
*Line fluid filled spaces of brain *cillia move the CSF
35
Oligodendrocytes
*Support nerve fibres *Manufacture myelin sheath
36
Glial cells in the PNS
Shwann cell
37
Shnwann cell
*ensheaths axon with myelin *Plasma mem wrapped around axon *Multiple cells around axon *Support PNS nerves
38
What is myelin?
Phospholip sheath (plasma mem) around the axon
39
What does myelin do?
Increases conduction velocity
40
Gap between shwann cells
Nodes of Ranvier
41
What is a synapse?
Output of one neuron and an input zone of another neuron *release of neurotrans)
42
Neuron before synapse
presynaptic neuron output zone *Has synaptic vesicles that carry neurotrans
43
Neuron after synapse
Postsynaptic neuron (input zone) *Receives neurotans
44
How does info changes as its passed?
Elecrical --> chemical --> electrical
45
Space between synapse?
Synaptic cleft
46
Info that goes into brain
Afferent (Away from body) *Ascending
47
Info that goes out of brain
Efferent *Descending