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hubs > HUBS L29 > Flashcards

HUBS L29 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Cortisol do to muscles?

A

Breakdown of proteins

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2
Q

Does cortisol have a negative feedback in stressful situations?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Only way to stop cortisol secretion

A

Eliminate source of stress

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4
Q

What is cortisol?

A

Lipid soluble so it is made when needed

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5
Q

Stimulating hormone by antibody

A

Part of antibody that binds to and pretends to be a stimulating hormone

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6
Q

Gigantism

A

Excess gigantism
*Tumour in AP

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7
Q

Primodial dwarfism

A

Lack of Growth hormone

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8
Q

Other types of dwarfism

A

*Has a well developed head and torso but short limbs

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9
Q

Infactile hypothyroidism symptoms

A

*Low metabolic rate
*Cold intolerant
*Growth related
*Cretinism
*Brain development is inhibited

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10
Q

What causes Infantile hypothyroidism?

A

Lack of Iodine in mother’s diet during gestation or early breastfeeding stages
*Iodine supplements is recommended

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11
Q

Hyposecretion, IDD aka Simple Goitre

A

*Unble to make Thyroid Hormone due to lack of iodine
*Hypo makes TRH, AP makes TSH but thyroid can’t
*No negative feedback and pressure from TSH makes the thyroid gland grow

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12
Q

Hypersecretion, Grave’s disease on immunity

A

*Makes body work hard
*The antibodies

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13
Q

Symptoms of graves

A

*High metabolic weight
*^ rate rate
*Hair loss
*Heat intolerant
*Hair loss
*Nervousness
*Exophthalamos (bugging of eyes due to pressure buildup)
*Thyroid swelling
Overly excitable cells makes fingers and face tingly

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14
Q

TSH levels in hyperthyroidism

A

Very low due to very negative feedback from the TH

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15
Q

What happens if Thyroid is stimulated?

A

Iodine accumulates in the thyroid

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16
Q

Hyperparathyroidism cause (Hypersecretion)

A

*Tumour in the bean shaped glands of the parathyroid glands

17
Q

What happens in hyperparathyroidism?

A

*Bones become soft and deformed due to braking down of bone matrix
*6 Blood Ca+ and phosphate levels
*Kidney stones formed from the above (preci)

18
Q

Hypercalcaemia (seen in hyperpara) symptoms

A

*Nerve and muscle cells are less responsive and excitable
*Depression in NS and reflexes, emotional disturbances
*Cardiac arrest as threshold cannot be reached for excitable cardiac tissue

19
Q

Hypocalcaemia causes

A
  • Vit D deficiency, Calcitriol
    *Diarrhoea (Ca2+ moves too fast through the system)
    *C cells in Thyroid (produces Calcitonin), tumour = ^Calcitonin, decreases Ca2+ levels
    *Underactive parathyroid glands
    *Ca2+ used by foetus during pregnancy
20
Q

Symptoms of Hypocalcaemia

A

*^ excitability because of very low Ca2+
*Tingly sensation because of spontaneous firing
*Cramps, spontaneous tetanus
*Death by laryngospasm

21
Q

What causes the hypercalcaemia symptoms?

A

*^Ca2+, means that we add charge to the outside of the cell +20mV
*If we set the charge to 0, RMP must be adjusted in the opp. direction i.e take awake charge -20mV
* -20mv - 70mV = -90mV = new RMP
*i.e harder to reach the threshold for a successful AP

22
Q

What causes the Hypocalcaemia symptoms?

A
  • Decreased Ca2+, means that we lose charge from the outside of the cell -10mV
    *If we set the charge to 0, RMP must be adjusted in the opp. direction i.e add charge +10mV
  • +10mv - 70mV = -60mV = new RMP
    *i.e easier to reach the threshold for a successful AP = sponatneous firing of APs
23
Q

What hormones can bring down Blood glu?

A

Insulin

24
Q

What causes type 1 diabetes

A

Hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells by immune system

25
Q

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

A

*Glucosuria, glucose in urine
*Polyuria due to glucose holding onto H20
*Polydipsia, loss of H20
*Thirst
*Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy
*Heart problems

26
Q

Treatment for T1

A

*Insulin injections or infusion

27
Q

What happens to glucose filtered by the kidneys

A

Reabsorbed by 1st part of structure of kidney because that is the brain’s primary food source

*In T1 diabetes, there is so much glucose that some actually gets passed in urine

28
Q

Cause of T2 diabetes?

A

*Hyposensitivity i.e little to no response to insulin (functioning beta receptors)

29
Q

Symptoms of T2

A

*Obesity due to excess exposure to sugar –> receptors get damaged and become hyposensitive to insulin
*Same as T1

30
Q

Treatment of T2

A

*Less of simple sugars in diet
*Exercise to use up sugar
*Various medications

31
Q

Disorder for glucagon

A

Not really there as other hormones can ^ Blood glu levels

32
Q

Hormones that ^ blood glu

A

*Growth hormone
*Adrenaline
*Cortisol

33
Q

Hormones that don’t ^ blood glu

A

*Insulin
*Thyroid
*Parathyroid

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