HUBS L29 Flashcards
What does Cortisol do to muscles?
Breakdown of proteins
Does cortisol have a negative feedback in stressful situations?
Yes
Only way to stop cortisol secretion
Eliminate source of stress
What is cortisol?
Lipid soluble so it is made when needed
Stimulating hormone by antibody
Part of antibody that binds to and pretends to be a stimulating hormone
Gigantism
Excess gigantism
*Tumour in AP
Primodial dwarfism
Lack of Growth hormone
Other types of dwarfism
*Has a well developed head and torso but short limbs
Infactile hypothyroidism symptoms
*Low metabolic rate
*Cold intolerant
*Growth related
*Cretinism
*Brain development is inhibited
What causes Infantile hypothyroidism?
Lack of Iodine in mother’s diet during gestation or early breastfeeding stages
*Iodine supplements is recommended
Hyposecretion, IDD aka Simple Goitre
*Unble to make Thyroid Hormone due to lack of iodine
*Hypo makes TRH, AP makes TSH but thyroid can’t
*No negative feedback and pressure from TSH makes the thyroid gland grow
Hypersecretion, Grave’s disease on immunity
*Makes body work hard
*The antibodies
Symptoms of graves
*High metabolic weight
*^ rate rate
*Hair loss
*Heat intolerant
*Hair loss
*Nervousness
*Exophthalamos (bugging of eyes due to pressure buildup)
*Thyroid swelling
Overly excitable cells makes fingers and face tingly
TSH levels in hyperthyroidism
Very low due to very negative feedback from the TH
What happens if Thyroid is stimulated?
Iodine accumulates in the thyroid
Hyperparathyroidism cause (Hypersecretion)
*Tumour in the bean shaped glands of the parathyroid glands
What happens in hyperparathyroidism?
*Bones become soft and deformed due to braking down of bone matrix
*6 Blood Ca+ and phosphate levels
*Kidney stones formed from the above (preci)
Hypercalcaemia (seen in hyperpara) symptoms
*Nerve and muscle cells are less responsive and excitable
*Depression in NS and reflexes, emotional disturbances
*Cardiac arrest as threshold cannot be reached for excitable cardiac tissue
Hypocalcaemia causes
- Vit D deficiency, Calcitriol
*Diarrhoea (Ca2+ moves too fast through the system)
*C cells in Thyroid (produces Calcitonin), tumour = ^Calcitonin, decreases Ca2+ levels
*Underactive parathyroid glands
*Ca2+ used by foetus during pregnancy
Symptoms of Hypocalcaemia
*^ excitability because of very low Ca2+
*Tingly sensation because of spontaneous firing
*Cramps, spontaneous tetanus
*Death by laryngospasm
What causes the hypercalcaemia symptoms?
*^Ca2+, means that we add charge to the outside of the cell +20mV
*If we set the charge to 0, RMP must be adjusted in the opp. direction i.e take awake charge -20mV
* -20mv - 70mV = -90mV = new RMP
*i.e harder to reach the threshold for a successful AP
What causes the Hypocalcaemia symptoms?
- Decreased Ca2+, means that we lose charge from the outside of the cell -10mV
*If we set the charge to 0, RMP must be adjusted in the opp. direction i.e add charge +10mV - +10mv - 70mV = -60mV = new RMP
*i.e easier to reach the threshold for a successful AP = sponatneous firing of APs
What hormones can bring down Blood glu?
Insulin
What causes type 1 diabetes
Hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells by immune system
