Intro lecture Flashcards
What are the 2 compartments of the cranium? what do they from?
neurocranium - forms the protective case around the brain
viscerocrainium - forms the facial skeleton
what are the 2 components of the skull?
Cranium and mandible
what is the back of the neck important for and what is found in the front of the neck?
back: for support
front: visceral organs lie here
where are neurovascular structures found in comparison to main organs/structures?
NV structures: lateral/out to side
main organs/structures: midline
what passes through the cranial foramina?
cranial nerves and blood supply
what passes through the Foramen magnum?
medulla oblongata, meninges
Blood vessels: vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Tectorial membranes and alar ligaments.
Accessory nerve
what type of neuron are sensory neurons and describe this type
They are pseudo unipolar - have one cell body which splits into 2 branches
where do nerve cells bodies of sensory neurons lie?
in dorsal root ganglia
what type of neuron are motor neurons and describe this type
they are multipolar - have single axon with multiple dendrites
where do nerve cells bodies of motor neurons lie?
in ventral grey horn of spinal cord
dosal horn lies ____?
posteriorly
ventral horn lies ____?
anteriorly
what do satellite cells do?
they surround neurons in ganglia and provide support and protection
what do astrocytes do?
provide support
difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath for nerve cells in CNS
Schwann cells produce myelin sheath for nerve cells in PNS
what is hemiparesis?
weakness on one entire side of body
what is aphasia?
impairment of language - either production or comprehension of speech
which artery supplies the trunk, upper limb and head?
middle cerebral artery
which artery supplies the lower limb?
anterior cerebral artery
what side does the left motor cortex control muscles of?
RHS
what is the blood supply to the Broca’s area?
Left middle cerebral artery
how many lesion sites are there in someone with multiple sclerosis, how is the CNS affected and what effect does MS have on a person?
multiple lesions
affects myelin that surrounds many CNS axons - seen as plaques
Partial loss of vision, double vision, sensory loss i.e numbest, motor loss i.e weakness, ataxia
what is ataxia?
group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech
nerve fibres supplying the limns leave as spinal nerves. what do these spinal nerves pass through before emerging as peripheral nerves?
plexuses
what is stock and glove syndrome caused by and what is it?
vitamin B12 deficiency
sensory loss affecting the longest fibres (hand and feet)
what division of the ANS are blood vessels MOSTLY supplied by?
Sympathetic
where are sympathetic ganglia found?
in the sympathetic chain located next to vertebral column
