Adjustment to disability Flashcards

1
Q

what are the rights and responsibilities that come under the term “sick role”

A

They are:

  • exempted from certain social roles
  • not blamed for their illness

Responsibilities:

  • try to get better
  • to seek help and co-operate with the help given
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2
Q

what does the term “illness behaviour” mean? what does it involve?

A
the way in which symptoms or an illness is perceived, evaluated and acted upon. 
Involves the manner in which people:
- monitor their bodies 
- define and interpret their symptoms 
- take remedial action 
- utilise various sources of help
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3
Q

how do you cope in a good way

A

Maintaining morale despite setbacks
Pragmatic- dealing with things sensibly and realistically
Considers and uses a range of strategies
Considers a range of outcomes and their consequences
Flexible and open to suggestions
Internal locus of control
Composed (not either extreme of emotional expression)

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4
Q

how do you cope in a bad way?

A
Rigid and inflexible 
Reluctant to compromise or ask for help 
intolerance of others 
excessive denial or rationalisation
not problem focused 
passive approach 
impulsivity
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5
Q

what are the obstacles to coping

A
Intrapersonal
Psychiatric illness
personality (narcisistic)
characteristics of the illness (pain, lack of sleep)
characterisitics of the treatment 
finances
social support
culture 
religion
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6
Q

what are the risk factors for depression in the medically ill

A
Pain
Life threatening illness
Chronic physical health problems
Unpleasant and demanding treatment
Low perceived social support
Past psychiatric history
Substance misuse
Prescribed medication (eg, steroids, chemo)
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7
Q

what things should be focused on to adjust well

A

1) Dealing with effects of cytokines
2) Dealing with appropriate emotional expression
3) Engaging in self management
4) Finding benefit from the condition

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8
Q

List symptoms which may be induced by cytokine activity in chronic illness.

A
weakness
fatigue
poor concentration
lethargy
anhedonia
anorexia
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9
Q

pro inflammatory cytokines promote psychological symptoms. give an exmpaple of this

A

TNF and interferon α after MI in diabetes and cancer

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10
Q

cognitive and behavioural interventions are used to relief symptoms induced by cytokine acitivty. give examples of what techniques can be used

A

graded exercise
activity scheduling
use of diaries

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11
Q

what is meant by locus of control and and why it is important in chronic illness.

A

Internal: when you take responsibility for your actions and do not blame others for your failures
(e.g. failing exam and blaming yourself)
External: when you do not take responsibility for your actions and blame other for your failures
(e.g. failing exam and blaming others)

Locus of control as a personality trait is not only associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and developing related diseases, but also plays an important role in treatment

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12
Q

what are signs of succesful adjustment to your illness

A
Successful performance of adaptive tasks
Absence of psychiatric disorder
Presence of high positive affect
Adequate functional status
Satisfaction and wellbeing in various life domains
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