Anatomy Lab- the neck Flashcards
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck
Anterior – posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
Posterior – upper border of the trapezius muscle.
Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
The posterior triangle is further divided into 2 smaller triangles. Name the triangles and what divides it
Posterior triangle divided into 2 smaller triangles:
- occipital triangle
- supraclavicular triangle (smaller and close to clavicle)
divided by the omohyoid muscle
Scalenous anterior runs mostly inferior to sternocleidomastoid muscle and runs to clavicle. what nerve and vein passes in front of scalenous anterior muscle
phrenic nerve
subclavian vein
the space between scalenous anterior and medius is known as scalene hiatus. what is found in this space
Subclavian artery
Trunks of brachial plexus
How does accessory nerve (CN XI) pass and relate it to injury and what muscles does it innervate
lies relatively superficially in the posterior triangle, leaving it vulnerable to injury- no shoulder movement
Pierces through sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muslce- innervating them both
What is the function of the great auricular nerve (C2-C3 spinal nerve)
provides sensory innervation to the skin covering the
angle of mandible, parotid glands and earlobe
What is the function of the transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3 spinal nerve)
provides sensory cutaneous innervation to the
antero-lateral neck
what tiny arteries pass over scalenous anterior msucle
transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
what muscle of respiration does the phrenic nerve innervate
diaphragm
What lymph nodes are found in the posterior triangle
- Superficial cervical nodes (found superiorly surrounding the accessory nerve)
- Suprascapular nodes (found inferiorly near the scalene hiatus)
what is the root of the neck the junction between?
junction between the neck and chest
What are the subclavian artery and Vein known as AFTER crossing the first rib
Axillary artery and vein
what forms the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
ventral rami of C8 and T1
what forms the braciocephalic vein
subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
what forms the braciocephalic artery
common carotid and subclavian artery
what stellate is found in the root of neck region, how is it formed and function
- stellate of cervothoracic ganglion
- formed by the fusion of cervical and thoracic sympathetic ganglia
- provides sympathetic innervation to the head, neck and upepr extremity
what part of the lung is part of the root of the neck
apex of the lung is part of the root of the neck
what is the apex of the lung covered by
pleura
supraplural membrane
How do C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) bones articulate with each other and what possible movement is produced
Via Atlanto-axial joint is a pivot joint which allows head rotation and ability to say “no”
Which one of C1 or C2 articulate with the skull and what movement is produced?
C1 (atlas)- forming atlanto-occipital joint which allows flexion and extension allowing you to say “ Yes”
Why might osteoarthritis of the facet joints of the
cervical spine present as pain in the upper limb?
(cervical spondylosis): a type of arthritis that affects the
intervertebral disc of the neck causing it to lose water
leading to stiffness and bony spurs.
If the spinal nerves are pinched this leads to tingling and numbness of the arm.
Where does the main neurovascular bundle of the neck lie relative to the organs? and name these vessels
Organs are placed anteriorly, so vessels lie in the posterior triangle of the neck.
- Subclavicular artery and vein
- common carotid artery
- internal and external carotid artery
- internal and external jugular vein.
Where would an emergency airway be inserted?
cricothyroid cartilage
How might the integrity of the accessory nerve be tested clinically?
Theaccessory nerveistestedby evaluating the function of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, as it innerveates these muscles.
- trapezius muscle istestedby asking the patient to shrug their shoulders with and without resistance
- sternocleidomastoid tested by asking patient to turn head left and right against resistance
How many cervical vertebrae are there and how
many cervical spine are there?
Cervical vertebrae- 7
cervical spinal nerves- 8
what two ligaments that stabalise the upper cervical spine?
- Alar ligament
- Transverse ligament of the dens
How might you distinguish between the external and internal carotid artery anatomically?
- Internal carotid artery is located posterior to external carotid
- Internal carotid has no branches and goes straight to cranium whereas external has branches
- lumen of internal carotid artery is larger than external.
At what vertebral level does the trachea start and finish?
C6-T7
Give two clinical conditions that may cause the external jugular vein to be distended?
Heart failure- where there is an increase of venous pressure (no venous return to the heart.)
A tumour that causes obstruction eg in the thoracic inlet compressing on the vein
What is the thoracic duct and where does it usually terminate?
the largest lymphatic vessel of the lymphatic system of the body.
Terminates at subclavian vein
what is the carotid sheath and what are its contents
fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the VASCULAR compartment of the neck
Contents:
- the common carotid artery as well as the internal carotid artery (medial)
- internal jugular vein (lateral)
- the vagus nerve (CN X) (posterior)
- the deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid artery lies medially to internal jugular vein and vagus nerve lies posteriorly to both (see pics)
what is posterior to the carotid sheath
sympathetic trunk
