Anatomy lab - URT, tonsils and ear

Question 1

what problem may an enlarged pharyngeal tonsil impose?

Answer 1

can impair breathing

Question 2

name the 4 sinuses, what is their function

Answer 2

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary

Function: to lighten the skull, they produce a mucus that moisturises the inside of the nose. This mucus layer protects the nose from pollutants, micro-organisms, dust and dirt.

Question 3

name the 4 tonsils

Answer 3

pharyngeal, tubal x2, lingual, palatine x2

Question 4

what features help prevent entry of foreign bodies or insects into external auditory meatus?

Answer 4

ceruminous glands (produce earwax), hairs

Question 5

how is the tympanic membrane orientated? why is it nearer the surface in a child?

Answer 5

above 45° to horizontal

external auditory meatus lengthens as meatus grows and mastoid process enlarges

Question 6

what is the order of the ossicles in the ear? what connects them?

Answer 6

malleus, incus, stapes

ligaments and synovial joints connect them

Question 7

what forms the attachment between the ossicles and the tympanic membrane?

Answer 7

handle of the malleus

Question 8

what is the large posterior opening in the upper part of the middle ear?

Answer 8

aditus ad antrum (opening leading to mastoid antrum)

Question 9

what s the anatomical name for the region of bone in the roof of middle ear?

Answer 9

tegmen tympani

Question 10

describe the shape of the cochlea

Answer 10

snail shape of 3 1/2 turns

Question 11

what nerve is at risk to clear infection from mastoid antrum?

Answer 11

facial nerve

Question 12

how does the tympanic ring change as a child grows?

Answer 12

it grows laterally and is converted into a plate

Question 13

what is the Promontory of tympanic cavity?

Answer 13

round bulge/prominence due to cochlea in the bone

Question 14

what is the fenestra vestibuli? what occupies it?

Answer 14

aka oval window, this is occupied by the footplate of the stapes

Question 15

what composes waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 15

Waldeyer’s ring consists of four tonsillar structures: the pharyngeal, tubal, palatine and lingual tonsils

Question 16

why is there a plane of loose areolar connective tissue posterior to the pharynx?

Answer 16

it allows the pharynx to move when we swallow and not be tethered to posterior structures

Question 17

how many nasal conchae are there?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

What bone is the inferior nasal concha part of?

Answer 18

ethmoid

Question 19

what is a nasal meatus and how many are there and what are they called?

Answer 19

A nasal meatus is a nasal passage of the nasal cavity.
There are 3:
superior meatus, middle meatus and inferior meatus

Question 20

which cranial nerves are sensory to the epiglottis vallecula and piriform fossa?

Answer 20

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 21

what is the isthmus of the fauces? what is it bound by?

Answer 21

narrow passage between pharynx and base of tongue.

It is bounded superiorly by the soft palate, laterally by the palatoglossal arches, and inferiorly by the tongue.

Question 22

what type of secretion of major salivary glands produce?

Answer 22

serous and mucous

Question 23

what type of epithelium is the palatine tonsil?

Answer 23

stratified squamous, non keratinised

Question 24

when are palatine tonsils usually largest?

Answer 24

during childhood

Question 25

what is the medical name for glue ear?

Answer 25

otitis media with effusion