Anatomy lab: mouth, larynx, lymphatics Flashcards
Describe the superficial lymph nodes of the head and neck
- receive lymph from the scalp, face and neck
- arranged in a ring shape; extending from underneath the chin, to the posterior aspect of the head.
name the superficial lymph nodes
Submental nodes Submandibular nodes Preauricular/Parotid Occipital nodes Posterior auricular/retroarticular nodes
describe location and drainage of submental nodes
Inferior to chin Drains: - lower lip - floor of the mouth - tip of tongue.
Describe location and drainage of Submandibular nodes
Inferior and medial to the body of the mandible Drains: Rest of tongue - Gums - Teeth - Most of face, below the imaginary line - Maxillary sinus and nasal cavity
Describe location and drainage of Preauricular/Parotid nodes
Anterior to ear, superficial to parotid Drains: - Anterior ear - Anterolateral scalp - Upper half of face, eyelids, cheeks and forehead
Describe location and drainage of Occipital Nodes
Base of the skull near attachment of trapezius muscle
Drains:
- posterior scalp and neck
Describe location and drainage of Posterior auricular/retroarticular nodes
Posterior to ear, near attachment of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Drains:
- Posterolateral half of scalp
what nodes drain into superficial cervical nodes
Drains: Occipital and Posterior auricular
what nodes drain into deep cervical nodes
Drains: Preauricular, Submandibular and Submental
where are deep cervical nodes found
Collection of lymph nodes surrounding the internal jugular vein
where are superficial cervical nodes found
Nodes sit on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
name the deep cervical nodes
Jugulodigastric node
Jugulomohyoid node
Describe location and drainage of Jugulodigastric nodes
most superior node
Sits just above the tendon of the digastric muscle
Drains:
o palatine tonsil
Describe location and drainage of Jugulomohyoid nodes
Above the tendon of omohyoid
Drains:
o Tongue
Describe location of Supraclavicular nodes
found above clavicle
what is Virchows node
supraclavicular node
receives lymph from abdominal cavity and can be
enlarged in GI cancers
what are the extrinsic muscles of tongue
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus x2
Styloglossus x2
Palatoglossus x2
Describe location and function of Genioglossus
Found on both sides and separated by the septum
protrudes and depresses the tongue
Describe location and function of Hyoglossus
Hyoid bone to side of tongue
Depresses and retracts tongue
Describe location and function of styloglossus
Styloid process to side of the tongue
Retract and elevates the tongue
Describe location and function of Palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis and broadly across tongue
Elevates posterior aspect of tongue
what is the function of the larynx
connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea
how many cartilages is wall of larynx composed of and name them
9 pieces of cartilage
Single:
- Thyroid
- Epiglottis - lined by squamous nonkeratinsed epithelium
- Cricoid
Paired – lined by squamous nonkeratinsed epithelium
- Arytenoid
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
Describe thryroid cartilage (location, type of cartilage and connection with criocoid cartilage)
hyaline cartilage
anterior wall of larynx
Connects with cricoid cartilage by cricothyroid ligament = membrane and cricothyroid joint = synovial joint
what is Cricothyroid ligament a site for
emergency airways with a fine bore needle
Describe the innervation of the muscles of the tongue
All muscles of the tongue are innervated by
the hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) except for the
palatoglossus which is innervated by the
vagus nerve (CNX)
How are vocal folds structured
Mucosa membrane forms two folds:
- Superior folds = vestibular folds – do not function in voice production
- Inferior folds = vocal folds – function in voice production
what muscles are involved in vocal fold function
Transverse and oblique interarytenoid muscles- adduct the vocal folds.
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle- abducts the vocal fold
Which branch of the vagus nerve is sensory below the vocal folds and motor to most of the muscles within the larynx?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Why are the vocal folds paler than the rest of the interior of the larynx?
The larynx in general is lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells). The vocal folds, in contrast, are covered by stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium. This helps withstand the friction caused by approximation of the vocal folds when speaking
What makes up “Waldeyer’s ring”
Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine and lingual tonsil collectively – an interrupted ring of tonsillar tissue round the pharynx.
Which muscle pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly during swallowing
Geniohyoid muscle
From which artery does the lingual artery arise?
external carotid artery
Between which muscles of the tongue does the lingual artery run?
Between the hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles.
Are filiform papillae found all over the dorsum of the tongue?
Filiform papillae are a feature of the anterior two thirds of the tongue
What other types of papillae are fond on the human tongue?
Fungiform and circumvallate papillae
