Intro Flashcards
Integumentary System
Major organs: hair, skin, and nails
Functions: encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors
Skeletal System
major organ: cartilage, bones, joints
Functions: enables movement (with muscular system)
Muscular system
major organs: skeletal muscles, tendons
Functions:enables movement with skeletal system, helps maintain body temperature
Nervous System
major organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Functions: detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses
Endocrine System
Major organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries
functions: secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes
Cardiovascular system
major organs: heart, blood vessels
functions: delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body
Lymphatic system
major organs: thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
function: returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens,
Respiratory sytem
major organs: stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine
functions: removes carbon dioxide from body delivers oxygen to blood
Digestive System
major organs: stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine
functions: process food for use by body, removes waste from undigested food
Urinary System
major organs: kidneys urinary bladder
function: controls water balance in the body
removes wastes from blood and excretes them
Reproductive systems
male reproductive system
organs: epididymis, testes
function: produce sex hormones and gametes
Female reproductive system
organs: mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
function: produces sex hormones and gametes
supports embryo / fetus until birth, produces milk for infant
Dorsal cavity
cranial cavity: brain
spinal cavity: spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic cavity:
- pleural cavity
- mediastinum
pleural cavity
lungs
mediastinum
pericardial cavity: heart
thymus trachea esophagus
Abdominal cavity
division that houses digestive organs
pelvic cavity
division that houses organs of reproduction
abdominopelvic cavity
Liver, gall bladder, stomach spleen pancreas, urinary bladder, small and large intestines, appendix
Right Upper quadrant
liver and gall bladder
Left Upper quadrant
stomach, spleen, pancreas
Right Lower Quadrant
Appendix
urinary bladder, small and large intestines
Left Lower Quadrant
urinary bladder, small and large intestines
Mucous Membrane
line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
coated with secretions of mucous glands
Serous Membranes
line body cavities closed to the exterior of the body peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities
cutaneous membranes
covers body surface (skin)
synovial membranes
line joint cavities and produce the fluid within the joint
Serous membrane
thin membrane covering wall and organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
cushion and reduce friction to internal organs as they move
parietal layers: line walls of body cavity
visceral layer: covers organs
Serous cavity
between parietal and visceral layers very thin fluid filled serous fluid
provides additional protection to viscera they enclose, reduce friction that could lead to organ inflammation
pleural cavity
part of serous membrane that surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity reduce friction between lungs and the body wall
pericardial cavity
serous membrane that surrounds heart in pericardial cavity reduces friction between heart and wall of pericardium
peritoneal cavity
serous membrane that surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity reduces friction between the abdominal and pelvic organs and the body wall
X-ray
form of electromagnetic radiation, short wavelength penetrates solid and ionizes gases, used for hard body structures, can damage cells and lead to cancer, isn’t 3 dimensional
computed tomography
noninvasive, gives detail, used for soft tissue scanning like brain and thoracic and abdominal viscera, exposes patients to high dose X-rays
magnetic resonance imaging
noninvasive, doesn’t expose patients to X-ray, more expensive, patient discomfort such as standing and being enclosed, cannot be used with metal, doctors use to learn about brain abnormalities
ultrasonography
least invasive, used for pregnancy, heart function, blood flow in neck or extremities, disadvantages are it is operator dependent and unable to penetrate bone and gas
positron emission tomography(PET)
uses radio-pharmaceuticals, substances that emit radiation that is short lived (safer), Illustrates physiological activity including nutrient metabolism and blood flow, can be used to diagnose conditions
