#18 Lymphatic and Immune System

Question 1

lymph

Answer 1

the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system

Question 2

where does lymph come from?

Answer 2

(Tissues) interstitial fluid

Question 3

what does lymphatic system do with lymph

Answer 3

deposited in vessels, taken back to Venus system back in blood through veins

Question 4

components of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic organs

Lymphatic cells

Question 5

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 5

Return leaked plasma (interstitial fluid) to the bloodstream

Screen lymph for foreign substances (antigens)

House lymphocytes that generate the immune response

Transport dietary lipids

Question 6

Flow of Lymph

Answer 6

Lymphatic capillaries

Series of lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes

Lymphatic trunks

Lymphatic ducts

Venous circulation

Question 7

primary lymphatic organs

Answer 7

bone marrow and thymus

Question 8

bone marrow

Answer 8

Hemocytoblasts create lymphoid stem cells

Lymphoid stem cells that differentiate and mature in the bone marrow become B cells and the natural killer cells

Question 9

thymus

Answer 9

Some lymphoid stem cells migrate to the thymus to mature. These cells become T cells

Each lobe of the thymus contains a cortex (containing immature T cells) and medulla (containing mature T cells)

Question 10

secondary lymph organs

Answer 10

Lymph nodes and spleen

separated by connective tissue capsule

Structure: lymphatic tissue that ARE surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

Contain macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes

Question 11

anatomy of lymph nodes

Answer 11

Afferent and efferent vessels

Cortex and medulla

Macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes

Question 12

functions of lymph nodes

Answer 12

Screen lymph for foreign antigens

Initiate immune response

Question 13

locations of lymph nodes

Answer 13

Axillary (armpit)

Inguinal (groin)

Cervical (neck)

Scattered throughout the body

Question 14

white pulp

Answer 14

Contains lymphocytes and macrophages

Monitors blood for foreign antigens, initiates an immune response when antigens are found

Question 15

red pulp

Answer 15

Functions as a blood reservoir

Hemolysis (phagocytosis of old erythrocytes and platelets)

Remove debris from blood

Question 16

spleen

Answer 16

Largest lymphatic organ

Upper left quadrant of the abdomen

Question 17

lymph nodule structure

Answer 17

Oval clusters of lymphatic tissue NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

Contain macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes

Question 18

lymph nodule function

Answer 18

Screen for and attack foreign antigens

Question 19

locations of lymph nodules

Answer 19

Tonsils: pharyngeal (adenoids), palatine, and lingual

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts

Question 20

phagocytes include

Answer 20

Macrophages and dendritic cells:

Phagocytosis of foreign substances

Antigen presentation to lymphocytes to initiate immune response

Question 21

lymphocytes

Answer 21

Most abundant cell type in lymphatic organs & nodules

B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Natural Killer cells

Migrate through the lymphatic system searching for foreign antigens

Mount the immune response when activated

Question 22

T lymphocytes include:

Answer 22

cytotoxin T cells (CD8+), Memory cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells

Question 23

cytotoxin T cells (CD8+)

Answer 23

activated Tc cells are cloned and destroy infected cells in the body, destroy cells with virus in it

Question 24

memory cells

Answer 24

T cells are produced and are activated if this antigen is encountered again, helps body to get rid of pathogen more quickly

Question 25

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Answer 25

orchestrate an effective immune response by secreting cytokines, chemical signals that bind to and activate other immune system cells

Question 26

regulatory T cells

Answer 26

suppress the immune response to keep it under control and turn it off after the infection is over

Question 27

B lymphocytes include:

Answer 27

plasma cells memory B cells

Question 28

plasma cells

Answer 28

Produce immunoglobulins (antibodies) Antibodies bind to antigens, tagging them for destruction Most B lymphocytes become plasma cells

Question 29

memory B cells

Answer 29

Patrol body after an attack Easily activated if infected again

Question 30

Natural killer cells

Answer 30

NK cells can respond to multiple antigens Each B and T cell can only respond to a single antigen NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells

Question 31

lymphoma

Answer 31

Cancer of lymphatic cells Often presents as a swollen lymph node

Question 32

hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 32

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cell -If caught early prognosis is good

Question 33

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 33

Variable prognosis, depending on the type

Question 34

Lymphedema

Answer 34

Edema due to lymph node obstruction surgical removal of nodes scar tissue within nodes Malignant tumors of nodes Parasitic infection of nodes Extreme cases: elephantiasis Lymphedema is NOT operable or curable

Question 35

HIV

Answer 35

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Passed through intimate contact with infected body fluids Targets helper T cells

Question 36

AIDS

Answer 36

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An HIV infection is diagnosed as AIDS when helper T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 Drug cocktail can stop disease from progressing but must be taken for life