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Anatomy 220 > #18 Lymphatic and Immune System > Flashcards

#18 Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

lymph

A

the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system

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2
Q

where does lymph come from?

A

(Tissues) interstitial fluid

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3
Q

what does lymphatic system do with lymph

A

deposited in vessels, taken back to Venus system back in blood through veins

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4
Q

components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic organs

Lymphatic cells

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5
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

Return leaked plasma (interstitial fluid) to the bloodstream

Screen lymph for foreign substances (antigens)

House lymphocytes that generate the immune response

Transport dietary lipids

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6
Q

Flow of Lymph

A

Lymphatic capillaries

Series of lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes

Lymphatic trunks

Lymphatic ducts

Venous circulation

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7
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

bone marrow and thymus

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8
Q

bone marrow

A

Hemocytoblasts create lymphoid stem cells

Lymphoid stem cells that differentiate and mature in the bone marrow become B cells and the natural killer cells

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9
Q

thymus

A

Some lymphoid stem cells migrate to the thymus to mature. These cells become T cells

Each lobe of the thymus contains a cortex (containing immature T cells) and medulla (containing mature T cells)

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10
Q

secondary lymph organs

A

Lymph nodes and spleen

separated by connective tissue capsule

Structure: lymphatic tissue that ARE surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

Contain macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes

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11
Q

anatomy of lymph nodes

A

Afferent and efferent vessels

Cortex and medulla

Macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes

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12
Q

functions of lymph nodes

A

Screen lymph for foreign antigens

Initiate immune response

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13
Q

locations of lymph nodes

A

Axillary (armpit)

Inguinal (groin)

Cervical (neck)

Scattered throughout the body

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14
Q

white pulp

A

Contains lymphocytes and macrophages

Monitors blood for foreign antigens, initiates an immune response when antigens are found

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15
Q

red pulp

A

Functions as a blood reservoir

Hemolysis (phagocytosis of old erythrocytes and platelets)

Remove debris from blood

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16
Q

spleen

A

Largest lymphatic organ

Upper left quadrant of the abdomen

17
Q

lymph nodule structure

A

Oval clusters of lymphatic tissue NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

Contain macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes

18
Q

lymph nodule function

A

Screen for and attack foreign antigens

19
Q

locations of lymph nodules

A

Tonsils: pharyngeal (adenoids), palatine, and lingual

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts

20
Q

phagocytes include

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells:

Phagocytosis of foreign substances

Antigen presentation to lymphocytes to initiate immune response

21
Q

lymphocytes

A

Most abundant cell type in lymphatic organs & nodules

B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Natural Killer cells

Migrate through the lymphatic system searching for foreign antigens

Mount the immune response when activated

22
Q

T lymphocytes include:

A

cytotoxin T cells (CD8+), Memory cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells

23
Q

cytotoxin T cells (CD8+)

A

activated Tc cells are cloned and destroy infected cells in the body, destroy cells with virus in it

24
Q

memory cells

A

T cells are produced and are activated if this antigen is encountered again, helps body to get rid of pathogen more quickly

25
Q

Helper T cells (CD4+)

A

orchestrate an effective immune response by secreting cytokines, chemical signals that bind to and activate other immune system cells

26
Q

regulatory T cells

A

suppress the immune response to keep it under control and turn it off after the infection is over

27
Q

B lymphocytes include:

A

plasma cells memory B cells

28
Q

plasma cells

A

Produce immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Antibodies bind to antigens, tagging them for destruction

Most B lymphocytes become plasma cells

29
Q

memory B cells

A

Patrol body after an attack

Easily activated if infected again

30
Q

Natural killer cells

A

NK cells can respond to multiple antigens

Each B and T cell can only respond to a single antigen

NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells

31
Q

lymphoma

A

Cancer of lymphatic cells

Often presents as a swollen lymph node

32
Q

hodgkins lymphoma

A

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cell

-If caught early prognosis is good

33
Q

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Variable prognosis, depending on the type

34
Q

Lymphedema

A

Edema due to lymph node obstruction

surgical removal of nodes scar tissue within nodes

Malignant tumors of nodes

Parasitic infection of nodes

Extreme cases: elephantiasis

Lymphedema is NOT operable or curable

35
Q

HIV

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Passed through intimate contact with infected body fluids

Targets helper T cells

36
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

An HIV infection is diagnosed as AIDS when helper T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3

Drug cocktail can stop disease from progressing but must be taken for life

Anatomy 220 (17 decks)

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