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Anatomy 220 > #20 Upper Digestive System > Flashcards

#20 Upper Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

gastrointestinal tract in order

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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2
Q

gastrointestinal tract in order

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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3
Q

accessory organs in order

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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4
Q

digestive processes

A

propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defaction

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5
Q

propulsion

A

Swallowing (oropharynx)

Peristalsis (moving food) (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

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6
Q

mechanical digestion

A

Chewing (mouth)

Churning (stomach)

Segmentation (small intestine)

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7
Q

accessory organs in order

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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8
Q

defaction

A

removal of waste, things not broken down

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9
Q

propulsion

A

Swallowing (oropharynx)

Peristalsis (moving food) (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

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10
Q

mechanical digestion

A

Chewing (mouth)

Churning (stomach)

Segmentation (small intestine)

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11
Q

chemical digestion

A

Use of enzymes

In oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine

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12
Q

absoprtion

A

Nutrients and water to blood vessels and lymph vessels (small intestine)

Water to blood vessels (large intestine)

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13
Q

defaction

A

removal of waste, things not broken down

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14
Q

layers of gastrointestinal wall

A

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa (adventitia)

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15
Q

lumen

A

The space in the gastrointestinal tract (surrounded by mucosa)

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16
Q

mucosa

A

Epithelial lining closest to lumen, performs secretion and absorption, stratified squamous (esophagus) or Simple columnar (stomach and intestines

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17
Q

submucosa

A

Vascularized and innervated connective tissue

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18
Q

muscularis

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle (deep to submucosa)

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19
Q

serosa (adventitia)

A

Visceral peritoneum

Outside of peritoneal cavity = adventitia

Within peritoneal = serosa

Made of connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)

20
Q

oral cavity

A

Lips and oral cavity are lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

First site of mechanical and chemical digestion

21
Q

hard palate

A

Bones of maxilla and palatine bones

Lined by mucosal membrane

22
Q

soft palate and uvula are made of…

A

Made of mucosal membrane and muscle

23
Q

tongue

A

Helps with mechanical digestion

Root body apex

papillae

Lingual frenulum

24
Q

root

A

place of attachment

25
Q

body

A

makes up bulk of tongue

26
Q

apex

A

tip of tongue

27
Q

submandibular gland

A

60-70% of saliva production

Just below mandible

28
Q

parotid gland

A

25-30% of saliva production

Anterior to external ear (auricle of ear)

29
Q

sublingual gland

A

3-5% of saliva production

Just underneath tongue

30
Q

primary or deciduous teeth

A

20 total
8 incisors

4 canines

8 molars

31
Q

permanent teeth

A 
32 total
8 incisors (tear and cut food)

4 canines (piercing)

8 premolars (bicuspids) (grinding)

12 molars (grinding)

32
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

33
Q

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

Lined with stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

deglutition (swallowing) phases

A

Voluntary phase

Bolus of food is pushed by tongue against the hard palate and moves toward oropharynx

Pharyngeal phase (involuntary)

Soft palate and uvula close off the nasopharynx

Larynx and hyoid elevate and the epiglottis closes over the laryngeal opening

Esophageal phase

(involuntary)

Peristaltic contractions of the esophageal muscle push the bolus toward the stomach

35
Q

muscular tube of esophagus

upper and lower parts made up of?

A

Upper part: skeletal muscle

Lower part: smooth muscle

36
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube, propels swallowed food to stomach through peristalsis
lined with stratified squamous epithelium, sphincter muscles
esophageal hiatus

37
Q

sphincter muscles

A

Superior esophageal sphincter

Inferior esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

38
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

Opening in the diaphragm

39
Q

stomach

A

within abdominal cavity

Inferior to diaphragm

3 layers of muscle

40
Q

functions of stomach

A

Storage of food (usually about 4 hours)

Mechanical digestion: churn food with gastric juice

Chemical digestion: initiate protein digestion

Limited absorption

41
Q

surface epithelial cell

A

secretes mucus to protect the stomach wall (make up gastric pit in mucosa layer)

42
Q

parietal cell

A

secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

43
Q

chief cell

A

secretes pepsinogen (enzyme that breaks down proteins)

make up gastric gland

44
Q

Enteroendocrine cell:

A

secretes gastrin into the bloodstream

45
Q

Gastric gland

A

made up of many different cells
Parietal cells that produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor that travels with food to small intestine and helps in absorption of vitamin B12

46
Q

reflux esphagitis

A

Acidic contents regurgitate into the esophagus

Chronic condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

47
Q

peptic ulcers

A

Erosion of stomach or duodenal mucosa

Majority of cases are associated with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Perforating ulcer

Eroded through entire wall

Treatments include:

Eliminating bacteria (antibiotics)

Eliminating acid

Anatomy 220 (17 decks)

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