Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm test #1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance develops in 1 of 2 ways

A
  1. spontaneous mutation 2. Acquired resistance and selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is MBC?

A
  • minimum bactericidal concentration - lowest concentration of abx that KILLS 99.9 percent of inoculum - reserved for serious infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

example of antagonistic abx?

A

-static and -cidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

drugs CI in pregnancy include:

A

-Tetracycline - FQ - Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is desirable to select the most ______. This will reduce both _____ to the pt and pot. dev. of _______

A

narrow- spectrum antimicrobial agent; toxicity and resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ can cause gray baby syndrome in newborns?

A

Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

6 conditions of immune impairment that req increased dose regimens

A
  1. Alcoholism 2. DM 3. HIV 4. malnutrition 5. elderly 6. immunosuppressive therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensitivity of a drug is determined by _____.

A

disk diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ cause ototoxicity to the fetus?

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 ways of altered protein expression

A
  1. Alteration of target site (ex- MRSA is gram pos. and resistant to Azithromyocin 2. reduced accumulation of drug (lipopolysaccaride layer or efflux pump) 3. Enzymatic inactivation (ex- B-lactam abx are susceptible to inactivation by B-Lactamases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ is when bacterial growth is not arrested by the highest concentration of antimicrobial that tolerated by the host

A

resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

super infections are due to overgrowth of opportunistic bugs like what 3?

A
  1. Candida 2. Staph aureus 3. C. diff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ____ the CTI, the greater the selective toxicity to the pathogen

A

Higher (means the safer for the pt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

signs of infection include what 2 things?

A

-fever - leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacteriocidal drugs function?

A
  • kill bacteria - Exhibit either a concentration-dependent or time-dependent killing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is the placental barrier permeable to all abx?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs function?

A

-inhibit proliferation of bacteria - reduce the spread of infx until the immune sx can eradicate the invading pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ is the administration of abx preventively to reduce the risk of acquiring infections.

A

Chemoprophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The use of broad specturm abx may lead to what?

A
  • super infection by modifying natural bacterial flora
20
Q

2 conditions that require decreased dose/regimens

A
  1. Hepatic 2. renal failure ** may cause increased accumlation of abx that can elad to toxicity
21
Q

3 mechanisms of synergistic abx?

A
  1. increase abx accumulation 2. inhibit sequential rxn in metabolic pathway 3. inhibit inactivating enzymes
22
Q

which 2 have a high potential for urticaria and anaphylactic shock?

A
  1. PCN 2. sulfonamides
23
Q

3 situations for prophylatic abx?

A
  1. following exposure to bug 2. prevention of bacterial endocarditis (amox) 3. prevent post-surgical infection (Cefazolam)
24
Q

6 factors for selecting an abx?

A
  1. ID the bug 2. sensitivity of the bug to the drug 3. severity and site of infection 4. existing pt factors 5. safety of antimicrobial agent 6. cost
25
Q

How is a gram stain beneficial to classify a microoranism?

A
  • will help to somewhat classify, but a culture of the organism is req to accurately ID and to determine sensitivity
26
Q

2 abx that can cause decreased bone growth and decreased cartilage growth in young children?

A

tetracyclines and FQ

27
Q

What is selective toxicity?

A

The ability to kill an infecting microorganism without harming the host

28
Q

Name the 4 common pediatric Abx

A
  1. PCN 2. Cephalosporins 3. Macrolides 4. Co-Triamoxazole
29
Q

combo abx are use for what 3 things?

A
  1. serious infections 2. polymicrobial infections 3. empiric therapy in life threatening situations
30
Q

what is MIC?

A
  • minimum inhibitory concentration - lowest concentration of abx that PREVENTS growth
31
Q

MBC are reserved for?

A

Endocarditis, meningitis, sepsis

32
Q

Broad spectrum abx and ex?

A
  • effective against a wide range of microbial species (pos and neg) - Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol
33
Q

_____ may induce ototoxicity by direct actions on host cellular funsons

A

Aminoglycosides

34
Q

Narrow spectrum abx and example?

A
  • abx that act only on single or restricted groups of bugs - PCN- G for gram pos.
35
Q

What is empiric therapy?

A
  • presumptive or best guess therapy - should consist of 1 single broad specturm abx or a combo abx effective against gram pos and neg.
36
Q

2 examples of synergistic abx

A
  1. B-lactam and Aminoglycoside 2. Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
37
Q

2 ways of genetic alteration causing resistance?

A
  1. spontaneous DNA mutation 2. plasmid transfer (due to mis useover use)
38
Q

Extended spectrum abx and Ex?

A
  • effective against gram pos and some gram neg. - Amoxicillin
39
Q

_____ cause tooth dysplasia and inhibit fetal growth?

A

Tetracyclines

40
Q

the ____ and _____ of an abx influence its ability to transverse a natural barrier.

A

lipid solubility and pKa

41
Q

Bactericidal drugs should not be used with bacteriostatic drugs because……

A

-Bacerialcidal drugs work by decreaseing cell wall syn in developing bugs - static decrease numver of new organisms

42
Q

_____ facilitates penetration of some abx (PCN) into the CSF?

A

inflammation

43
Q

Why is a DM foot infection hard to treat?

A

-due to decreaed blood flow to the area

44
Q

______ can cause Kernicterus in newborns?

A

Sulfonamides

45
Q

What is the CTI?

A
  • Chemotherapeutic index - LD50 (toxicity to the pt)/ LD50 (toxicity to the bug)

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions