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Pharm test #1 > antifungals > Flashcards

antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of fungal infections has increased due to…..

A

immunocompromised pts

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2
Q

What is the cause of resistance with Amp. B?

A

reduced Ergosterol (the target/binding site)

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3
Q

What is Amp. used intrathecal?

A

to treat fungal meningitis due to coccidoides

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4
Q

Are any of the -Azoles given with Amp B?

A

NO

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5
Q

Which 3 drugs are HCV protease inhibitors and can added to Ribavirin?

A
  1. Boceprivir
  2. Simeprevir
  3. Telaprevir
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6
Q

Which one is a HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors that can be added to Ribavirin?

A

Sofobuvir

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7
Q

Which drug can be used ALONE for treatment of HCV?

A

Harvoni

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8
Q

Acylucovir is DOC for what 2?

A

HSV encephalitis

Neonatal HSV infections

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9
Q

What are the 2 drugs in the HIV integrase strand inhibitors class?

A
  1. Raltegravir

2. Dolutegravir

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10
Q

What is the MOA for Amp B?

A

binds to ergosterol

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11
Q

Amp B is DOC for what?

A

most life threatening fungal infections

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12
Q

Amp B is 1st line for what 5?

A
  1. Candida Albicans
  2. Histoplasma capsulatum
  3. Cryptococcus Neoformans (with flucytosine)
  4. Coccidioides Immitits
  5. Aspergillues
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13
Q

What are 2 more indiciations for Amp B?

A
  1. Paracoccidiodes

2. Blastomyces dermatidis

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14
Q

What is a reversible SE of Amp B?

A

Renal impariment

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15
Q

What does Flucytosine treat?

A
  1. Cryptococcal meningitis
  2. Candida
  3. Chromoblastomycosis
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16
Q

What are the SE’s of Flucytosine?

A
  1. GI
  2. reversible bone marrow suppression
  3. hepatic dysfunction
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17
Q

What is the MOA of Ketoconale?

A

inhibits ergosterol

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18
Q

What are the oral indiciations for letoconazole?

A
  • canditiasis
  • histoplasmosis
  • ‘mycosis
  • blastomycosis
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19
Q

What are the topical indications for ketoconazole?

A
  • tinea
  • cutaneous candidiasis
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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20
Q

What role does Ketonazole play on steroids?

A

It decreases ALL steroid production

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21
Q

How is Ketonazole excreted from the body?

A

in the bile

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22
Q

What are the 4 SE;s of Ketonazole?

A
  1. GI
  2. Allergies
  3. endocrine (gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libdo, menstrual irreglarities)
  4. hepatic dysfunction
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23
Q

What are the drug interactions with ketconazole?

A
  1. phenytoin and cyclosporine
  2. warfarin, sucralfate, tolbutamide
  3. rifampin
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24
Q

What the MOA of Fluconazole?

A

prevents production of ergosterol

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25
Q

What are the first line treatments of fluconazole?

A
  1. candida
  2. coccidioidomycosis (inc. meningitis)
  3. cyrptococcal meningitis
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26
Q

Fluconazole is CI in who?

A

Pregnancy

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27
Q

what drugs does fluconale interact with?

A
  1. phenytoin

2. cyclosporine

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28
Q

Itraconazole is first line for which ones?

A
  1. blastomycosis
  2. paracoccidioidomycosis
  3. histoplasmosis
  4. AIDS- associated histoplasmosis
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29
Q

how is Itraconale excreted from the body?

A

In the bile

30
Q

What are the SE’s of Itraconazole?

A

N/V; skin rash; hypokalemia; HTN; edema; HA

31
Q

What is Voriconazole first line for?

A

Aspergillosis

**also indicated for candida

32
Q

What are the SE’s of Voriconale?

A
  • N/V/D
  • rash
  • increased LFT’s
  • visual disturbances
  • Abd pain
  • HA
33
Q

what is Posconazole first line for?

A

prevention of:

  1. Apergillus
  2. Candida

** also for salvage tx of invasive aspergillus

34
Q

What is the ending of drugs in the Echinocandins class?

A

’ fungin

35
Q

What is the MOA of the Echinocandins class?

A

inhibition of glucan synthase

36
Q

What does the Echinocandins class treat?

A
  • candida infections
37
Q

What specifically does Micafungin treat?

A

prophy of candida in high-risk pts (bone marrow transplants)

38
Q

what the MOA of Griseofulvin?

A

binds to the fungal microtubules

39
Q

Griseofulvin is affective against ____ which includes which 3. and what other infection?

A
  • dermatophytes
  1. trichophyton
  2. Microsporum
  3. Epidermophyton

** severe tine infections

40
Q

Griseofulvin is CI in who?

A

pregnancy

41
Q

what is the MOA of Terbinafine and Naftin? tx of?

A

inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis; tinea infections

42
Q

What does Nystatin tx?

A

Candida– both oral and intestinal

43
Q

What does Natamycin treat?

A

ophthlmic antifungal tx of candida, Fusarium, and Asperigillus

** keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis

44
Q

What do Tamiflu and Zanamivir treat?

A

influenza A and B

Tamilfu is PO; Zanamivir is inhalation (CI in asthma/COPD)

45
Q

Both Tamiflu and Zanamivir are CI in who?

A

neonates and infants

46
Q

what is the MOA of Ribavirin?

A

inhibition of viral transcription

47
Q

Ribavirin treats what?

A
  1. influenza A and B

2. HCV (CANNOT be given alone)

48
Q

Ribavirin is CI in who?

A

pregnancy

49
Q

what the MOA of Palivizumab?

A

inhibits RSV replication

prevents RSV in high risk peds

50
Q

What is the MOA of acyclovir?

A

inhibits DNA polymerase and viral DNA synthesis

51
Q

Acyclovir is 1st line for which 3?

A
  1. HSV1
  2. HSV2
  3. varicella-zoster
52
Q

Acyclovir also is prophy for what?

A

CMV in immunocompromised hosts

53
Q

Valacyclovir is prodrug for what?

A

acyclovir

54
Q

Valacyclovir is tx for what 3?

A
  1. HSV1- herpes labialis
  2. HSV2- genital herpes
  3. varicella-zoster
55
Q

what it the MOA of Trifluridine?tx?

A

inhibits DNA synthesis; topical HSV-1 keratitis and keratoconjuctivitis

56
Q

What does Penciclovir treat?

A

HSV-1 herpes labialis

57
Q

What does Famciclovir treat?

A

HSV1; HSV2; acute herpes zoster

58
Q

What does Abreva treat?

A

topical OTC cream for herpes labilis

59
Q

What 3 things does Ganciclovir tx?

A
  1. CMV retinitis
  2. acyclovir- resistant HSV
  3. CMV prophy in transplant pts
60
Q

Valganciclovir is a prodrug for what? tx?

A

Ganciclovir; CMV retinitis and CMV prophy

61
Q

What does Cidofovir treat?

A
  1. CMV retinits

2. HSV1 and HSV 2

62
Q

What doesFoscarnet treat? and what is special about it?

A

CMV retinitis

only one that phosphorlation isn’t needed

63
Q

What does Zidovudine treat? 3 SE’?

A

HIV

  1. bone marrow toxicitiy
  2. HA/ sz
  3. lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, steatosis
64
Q

What does Lamivudine treat?

A
  1. HIV

2. Hep B

65
Q

What are the common SE’s of all NRTI’s?

A

fatty enlargment of the liver and steatosis

66
Q

What does Didanosine treat?

A

AZT resistant HIV

67
Q

What does Stavudine treat?

A

advanced HIV

68
Q

What does Abacavir treat?

A

advanced HIV

69
Q

What is the suffix of allHIV protease inhibitors? When are the CI?

A

‘Navir; with Rifampin

70
Q

Nevirapine, Delavirdine, Efavirenz, and Etravirine are apart of which class?

A

NNRTI’s for HIV

Bind to reerse transcriptase

71
Q

Enfuvirtide and Maraviroc are in which class? SE?

A

HIV fusion inhibitors; E–> PNA; M–> Hepatitis

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

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