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antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of fungal infections has increased due to…..

A

immunocompromised pts

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2
Q

What is the cause of resistance with Amp. B?

A

reduced Ergosterol (the target/binding site)

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3
Q

What is Amp. used intrathecal?

A

to treat fungal meningitis due to coccidoides

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4
Q

Are any of the -Azoles given with Amp B?

A

NO

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5
Q

Which 3 drugs are HCV protease inhibitors and can added to Ribavirin?

A
  1. Boceprivir
  2. Simeprevir
  3. Telaprevir
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6
Q

Which one is a HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors that can be added to Ribavirin?

A

Sofobuvir

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7
Q

Which drug can be used ALONE for treatment of HCV?

A

Harvoni

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8
Q

Acylucovir is DOC for what 2?

A

HSV encephalitis

Neonatal HSV infections

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9
Q

What are the 2 drugs in the HIV integrase strand inhibitors class?

A
  1. Raltegravir

2. Dolutegravir

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10
Q

What is the MOA for Amp B?

A

binds to ergosterol

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11
Q

Amp B is DOC for what?

A

most life threatening fungal infections

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12
Q

Amp B is 1st line for what 5?

A
  1. Candida Albicans
  2. Histoplasma capsulatum
  3. Cryptococcus Neoformans (with flucytosine)
  4. Coccidioides Immitits
  5. Aspergillues
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13
Q

What are 2 more indiciations for Amp B?

A
  1. Paracoccidiodes

2. Blastomyces dermatidis

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14
Q

What is a reversible SE of Amp B?

A

Renal impariment

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15
Q

What does Flucytosine treat?

A
  1. Cryptococcal meningitis
  2. Candida
  3. Chromoblastomycosis
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16
Q

What are the SE’s of Flucytosine?

A
  1. GI
  2. reversible bone marrow suppression
  3. hepatic dysfunction
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17
Q

What is the MOA of Ketoconale?

A

inhibits ergosterol

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18
Q

What are the oral indiciations for letoconazole?

A
  • canditiasis
  • histoplasmosis
  • ‘mycosis
  • blastomycosis
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19
Q

What are the topical indications for ketoconazole?

A
  • tinea
  • cutaneous candidiasis
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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20
Q

What role does Ketonazole play on steroids?

A

It decreases ALL steroid production

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21
Q

How is Ketonazole excreted from the body?

A

in the bile

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22
Q

What are the 4 SE;s of Ketonazole?

A
  1. GI
  2. Allergies
  3. endocrine (gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libdo, menstrual irreglarities)
  4. hepatic dysfunction
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23
Q

What are the drug interactions with ketconazole?

A
  1. phenytoin and cyclosporine
  2. warfarin, sucralfate, tolbutamide
  3. rifampin
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24
Q

What the MOA of Fluconazole?

A

prevents production of ergosterol

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25
What are the first line treatments of fluconazole?
1. candida 2. coccidioidomycosis (inc. meningitis) 3. cyrptococcal meningitis
26
Fluconazole is CI in who?
Pregnancy
27
what drugs does fluconale interact with?
1. phenytoin | 2. cyclosporine
28
Itraconazole is first line for which ones?
1. blastomycosis 2. paracoccidioidomycosis 3. histoplasmosis 4. AIDS- associated histoplasmosis
29
how is Itraconale excreted from the body?
In the bile
30
What are the SE's of Itraconazole?
N/V; skin rash; hypokalemia; HTN; edema; HA
31
What is Voriconazole first line for?
Aspergillosis **also indicated for candida
32
What are the SE's of Voriconale?
- N/V/D - rash - increased LFT's - visual disturbances - Abd pain - HA
33
what is Posconazole first line for?
prevention of: 1. Apergillus 2. Candida ** also for salvage tx of invasive aspergillus
34
What is the ending of drugs in the Echinocandins class?
' fungin
35
What is the MOA of the Echinocandins class?
inhibition of glucan synthase
36
What does the Echinocandins class treat?
- candida infections
37
What specifically does Micafungin treat?
prophy of candida in high-risk pts (bone marrow transplants)
38
what the MOA of Griseofulvin?
binds to the fungal microtubules
39
Griseofulvin is affective against ____ which includes which 3. and what other infection?
- dermatophytes 1. trichophyton 2. Microsporum 3. Epidermophyton ** severe tine infections
40
Griseofulvin is CI in who?
pregnancy
41
what is the MOA of Terbinafine and Naftin? tx of?
inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis; tinea infections
42
What does Nystatin tx?
Candida-- both oral and intestinal
43
What does Natamycin treat?
ophthlmic antifungal tx of candida, Fusarium, and Asperigillus ** keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis
44
What do Tamiflu and Zanamivir treat?
influenza A and B Tamilfu is PO; Zanamivir is inhalation (CI in asthma/COPD)
45
Both Tamiflu and Zanamivir are CI in who?
neonates and infants
46
what is the MOA of Ribavirin?
inhibition of viral transcription
47
Ribavirin treats what?
1. influenza A and B | 2. HCV (CANNOT be given alone)
48
Ribavirin is CI in who?
pregnancy
49
what the MOA of Palivizumab?
inhibits RSV replication prevents RSV in high risk peds
50
What is the MOA of acyclovir?
inhibits DNA polymerase and viral DNA synthesis
51
Acyclovir is 1st line for which 3?
1. HSV1 2. HSV2 3. varicella-zoster
52
Acyclovir also is prophy for what?
CMV in immunocompromised hosts
53
Valacyclovir is prodrug for what?
acyclovir
54
Valacyclovir is tx for what 3?
1. HSV1- herpes labialis 2. HSV2- genital herpes 3. varicella-zoster
55
what it the MOA of Trifluridine?tx?
inhibits DNA synthesis; topical HSV-1 keratitis and keratoconjuctivitis
56
What does Penciclovir treat?
HSV-1 herpes labialis
57
What does Famciclovir treat?
HSV1; HSV2; acute herpes zoster
58
What does Abreva treat?
topical OTC cream for herpes labilis
59
What 3 things does Ganciclovir tx?
1. CMV retinitis 2. acyclovir- resistant HSV 3. CMV prophy in transplant pts
60
Valganciclovir is a prodrug for what? tx?
Ganciclovir; CMV retinitis and CMV prophy
61
What does Cidofovir treat?
1. CMV retinits | 2. HSV1 and HSV 2
62
What doesFoscarnet treat? and what is special about it?
CMV retinitis only one that phosphorlation isn't needed
63
What does Zidovudine treat? 3 SE'?
HIV 1. bone marrow toxicitiy 2. HA/ sz 3. lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, steatosis
64
What does Lamivudine treat?
1. HIV | 2. Hep B
65
What are the common SE's of all NRTI's?
fatty enlargment of the liver and steatosis
66
What does Didanosine treat?
AZT resistant HIV
67
What does Stavudine treat?
advanced HIV
68
What does Abacavir treat?
advanced HIV
69
What is the suffix of allHIV protease inhibitors? When are the CI?
'Navir; with Rifampin
70
Nevirapine, Delavirdine, Efavirenz, and Etravirine are apart of which class?
NNRTI's for HIV Bind to reerse transcriptase
71
Enfuvirtide and Maraviroc are in which class? SE?
HIV fusion inhibitors; E--> PNA; M--> Hepatitis

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

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