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Pharm test #1 > B-Lactam II > Flashcards

B-Lactam II Flashcards

1
Q

Cephamycins are a subclass of what group? They add coverage to what 4 bugs?

A

2nd gen ceph. 1. Bacteroides 2. Clostridium perfringens 3. N. Gonorrhoeae 4. Serratia

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2
Q

Can cephalosporins treat Listeria meningitides?

A

No

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3
Q

All cephalosporins are active against what gram neg rods? (3)

A
  1. Proteus 2. E. Coli 3. Klebsiella
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4
Q

3rd gen ceph cover same as the 2nd gen plus what 4 gram neg rods?

A
  1. Neisseria 2. Serratia 3. Citrobacter 4. Providencia
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5
Q

Primaxin is co/administered with what? why?

A

Cilastatin; inhibits the formation of a toxic metabolite

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6
Q

Cephalosporins are broader spectrum becuase they resist _______

A

B-lactamases

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7
Q

____ prolongs the activity of cephs by blocking tubular secretion?

A

Probenecid

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8
Q

Name the 2 Cephamycins?

A
  1. Cefoxitin 2. Cefotetan
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9
Q

Which 2 are the DOC for neonatal and childhood meningitis caused by H. FLu?

A
  1. Ceftriaxone 2. Cefotaxine
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10
Q

What is the broadest spectrum of the Carbapenems? used to treat?

A

Primaxin; UTI’s and RTI’s

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11
Q

Name the 3 first generation cephalosporins?

A
  1. Keflex 2. Cefazolin 3. Cefadroxil
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12
Q

2nd gen ceph. also treat UTI’s for what 2 bugs?

A
  1. E.coli 2. Klebsiella
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13
Q

What is the MOA of Carbapenems?

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

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14
Q

Cephalosporins are DOC for what 2 dz? bug?

A
  1. PNA 2. UTI Klebsiella pneumoniae
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15
Q

What type of SE’s for ceph have in the body?

A

hypersensitivity causing rash and anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

Cephalosporins are inactivated by ______

A

cephalsporease

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17
Q

How do Carbapenems structure look?

A

5 member ring the sulfa is outside of the A ring

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18
Q

Name the 6 most important 3rd gen ceph?

A
  1. Ceftriaxone 2. Cefotaxime 3. Ceftazidime 4. Avycaz 5.Cefixime 6. Cefdinir
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19
Q

What is the only 3rd gen ceph that treats Bacteroid fragiles?

A

Ceftizoxime

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20
Q

Cefotetan is CI in which 2 pt types?

A
  1. pts on blood thinners 2. cant be taken with alcohol (Disulfiram-like reactions)
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21
Q

Which 3rd gen ceph is used to treat intra-abd infections, complicated UTI’s, and pyelonephritis?

A

Avycaz

22
Q

1st gen are useful PCN bugs plus what other 3?

A
  1. proteus mirabilis 2. E. Coli 3. Klebsiella pneumoniae
23
Q

Which 3rd gen ceph is first line against pseudomonas Aeruginosa?

A

Ceftazidime

24
Q

What type bug is Aztreonam active against?

A

Aerobic gram neg bacilli (Pseudomonas and Serratia)

25
Q

Which ceph. is the drug of choice for surgical prophy?

A

Cefazolin

26
Q

name 10 cephasporins that are given PO?

A
  1. Cephalexin 2. Cefadroxil 3. Cefprozil 4. Cefuroxime axetil 5. Cefaclor 6. Cefdinir 7. Cefixime 8. Ceftibuten 9. cefpodoxime proxetil 10. cefditoren pivoxil
27
Q

SE of Primaxin?

A

High doeses could cause sz.

28
Q

Which Cephamycins is more active? Is the first line for what?

A
  • Cefoxitin Peritonitis and diverticulitis (Bacteroides)
29
Q

What is the best medication for Listeria meningitides?

A

Ampicillin

30
Q

Are cephalosporins active against MRSA?

A

Only 5th generation Teflaro

31
Q

Do Meropenem, Doripenem, and Ertapenem need to be admin with Cilastatin?

A

No.

32
Q

Ceftriaxone is give ______ and first line for what 5 things

A

IV/IM 1. N. Gonorrhoeae 2. Meningitis due to H. flu 3. Chancroid due to H.Ducrey 4. PCN resistant Step. pneumo 5. typhoid fever from Salmonella

33
Q

what is the only 5th gen ceph on the market?

A
  • Teflaro
34
Q

2nd gen have increased activity aginst what 2? Good for what dz?

A
  1. H. influenzae 2. M. Catarrhalis Upper and lower respirtory infections
35
Q

What is the most widely rx’d 3rd gen ceph? what is it used for?

A
  • Cefdinir - CAP, bronchitis, sinusitis
36
Q

Which PCN is excreted by the bile?

A

Naficilllin

37
Q

4th gen ceph have increase resistance to ______

A

B-lactamases produced by Enterobacter **broadest!!!

38
Q

All cephalosporins are active again what gram pos cocci?

A
  1. staphylococci 2. sterptococci 3. pneumococci
39
Q

which ceph is used during orthopedic surgery since it concentrates in the bone?

A

Cefazolin

40
Q

5th gen has increased active against which 4?

A
  1. MRSA 2. VRSA 3. VISA 4. Enterococcus Faecalis
41
Q

Which cephalosporin is the msot widely rx’d?

A

Keflex

42
Q

What is the structure like of the monobactam?

A

It has a B-lactam ring, but does not have an adjacent A-Ring. Therefore it is safe to use in pts with a PCN allergy

43
Q

What is the most widely used 4th gen ceph? route?

A

Cefepime; IV

44
Q

What is the mechanism of Cephalosporins?

A

They inhibit cell wall synthesis

45
Q

Which ceph is excreted by the bile and is safe to sue in pts with renal failure?

A

Ceftriaxone

46
Q

What is Aztreonam used to treat?

A

UTI’s, PNA, and cystic fibrosis pts with respiratory symptoms

47
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins used in treatment for?

A
  1. gonorrhea 2. bacterial meningitis
48
Q

4th gen ceph are first like for UTIs, PNA, bacteremia, and meningitis caused from ______ and for _____ infections

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Intra abdominal

49
Q

4 of the 3rd gen ceph that can cross the BBB and treat bacterial meningitis?

A
  1. Ceftriaxone 2. Cefotaxime 3. Ceftazidime 4. Ceftizoxime
50
Q

What is the only Monobactam on the market?

A

Aztreonam

51
Q

name the 4 2nd gen ceph?

A
  1. Cefprozil 2. Cefuroxime Axetil 3. Cefuroxime 4. Cefaclor
52
Q

What is the formation of cephalosporins?

A

They have 6 atoms in adjacent ring

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

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