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Pharm test #1 > B-Lactam abx > Flashcards

B-Lactam abx Flashcards

1
Q

Dicloxacillin will treat what?

A

skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections, UTI’s, and RTI’s

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2
Q

Amoxicillin is also used for that 4 things?

A
  1. H. Pylori 2. pts with atypical heart valves undergoing oral surery (prophy for endocarditis) 3. tonsillitis 4. Pharyngitis
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3
Q

PCN-G for whcih gram pos Bacilli? (2)

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis 2. Listeria Monocytogenes
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4
Q

PCN-VK is used for _____ infections

A

Minor

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5
Q

What is the most widely prescribed abx and is only given PO?

A

Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Name the 3 B-lactamase inhibitors? MOA?

A
  1. Clavulanic acid 2. Sulbactam 3. Tazobactam *Interact and destroy B-lactamases thus protecting the medication from these enzymes. Often combined with PCN to protect them from hydrolysis (Augmentin, Unasyn, Zosyn)
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7
Q

Nafcillin and Oxacillin treat what?

A

endocarditis, meningitis, bactermia, RTI, skin, bone, and joint infections

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8
Q

anti staphylococcal PCN’s are indicated for?

A

penicillinase-producing staphylococci

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9
Q

PCN-VK is more or less acid stable then PCN- G?

A

More

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10
Q

______ does not have a S in the A ring, and is made up of 6 in the A ring?

A

Cephalosporins

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11
Q

what are the 2 major drugs in this class and their method of action?

A
  1. PCN 2. Cephalosporins - inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidation - only effective on proliferating bugs
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12
Q

extended spectrum PCN’s cause an increased activity in gram neg cocci. which 1?

A

M.Catarrhalis

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13
Q

name the 3 anti staphylococcal PCN’s and their route of admin. Are they broad or narrow?

A
  1. Nafcillin (IV) 2. Oxacillin (IV) 3. Dicloxacillin (PO) Very narrow
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14
Q

Name 2 extended spectrum PCN’s and their route of admin

A
  1. Amoxicillin– ONLY PO 2. Ampicillin– IV or IM
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15
Q

Are PCNs and aminoglycodes synergistic?

A

yes; they enhance the ability of entry to target proteins which in turn increase antimicrobial activity

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16
Q

Name 2 Antipseudomonal PCN’s and route of admin? What are they the 1st line agents for?

A
  1. Ticarcillin– taken off the market 2. Piperacillin– IV or IM - Psuedomonas Aeroginosa
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17
Q

extended spectrum PCN’s cause an increased activity in gram neg. bacilli Which 5?

A
  1. E. coli 2. P. Mirabilis 3. H. influenza 4. Salmonella 5. Shigella (Pro E.Coli HISS)
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18
Q

How does strept pneumo resis PCN?

A
  • by altering the PBP
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19
Q

What blocks the renal tubular secretion of PCN and can be used to prolong their duration of action?

A
  • Probenecid
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20
Q

What is amoxicillin the DOC for?

A

otitis media

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21
Q

All PCN are excreted by ____ except _____, which is excreted by the biliary route?

A

-renal tubule secretion -Nafcillin (biliary)

22
Q

PCN-G is DOC for what 2?

A
  1. Gas Gangrene (clostridium perfringens) 2. syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
23
Q

_______ plus potassium Clauvulanate makes ________

A

Amoxicillin–> Augmentin

24
Q

_____ are very susceptible to PCN. however _____ are not and have a _____ surroudnding the cell wall that obstructs PCN

A

Gram pos.; Gram neg–> external lipopolysaccharide layer

25
What is the DOC for gram pos bacillus listeria Monocytogenes?
Ampicillin
26
Which PCN drug is absrobed well, even taken with food?
Amoxicillin \*\* all others should be given 1 hour before or after meals
27
Old anti-stapylococcal that is off the market due to \_\_\_\_\_\_
Methicillin; nephrotoxicity
28
what are the 3 indications for Depot PCN?
1. URI 2. otitis media 3. Syphilis --\> Bicillin L-A only
29
Which one is excreted in bile?
Nafcillin
30
Extended spectrum PCN's are used to tx UTI's and bacterial cystitis cause by what bugs?
1. E. Coli 2. P. Mirabilis 3. Enterococcus (PEE) \*\* also used to tx otitis media and RTI
31
Route of PCN-VK?
Only oral
32
\_\_\_\_\_ has a S in the A ring and made up of a 5 A ring?
PCN
33
PCN- VK is used for which URI infections? (2)
1. otitis media 2. sinusitis
34
PCN VK is used for what 3 oropharyngeal infections?
1. Pharyngitis 2. tonsillitis 3. scarlet fever
35
What SE's do Piperacillin, Ticaricillin, and Pen G all have in common?
They can cause PLT dysfunction and decreased agglutination
36
PCN-G for which spirochetes? (2)
1. syphilis (T. Pallidum) 2. Weil's dz (Leptospira)
37
How is resistence formed to Extended spectrum PCN's ?
By the B-Lactamase inhibitors
38
\_\_\_\_\_\_ plus sulbactam sodium makes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Ampicillin--\> unasyn
39
\_\_\_\_\_\_ does not have an A ring and does not cause any hypersensitivity
Monobactam
40
Are Antipseudomonal PCN's susceptible to B-lactamase? If so, what medication also includes antimicrobial activity against B-lactamase organisms?
Yes; Zosyn
41
PCN-G for which gram pos cocci? (5)
1. strep pyogenes 2. strep agalactiae 3. strep viridans 4. Strep pneumo (some are sensitive) 5. Enterococcus (along with aminoglycoside)
42
Is there a cross reaction with PCN's and any other drugs?
yes, if allergic to PCN, pts should avoid Cephalosporins and Carbapenems
43
What type of SE's occur with PCN's?
5 percent will have rash or anaphylatic shock
44
Are PCN drugs okay in pregnancy?
Yes
45
What do the Antipseudomonal PCN's treat?
- All the PCN bugs - plus gram neg: 1. klebsiella pneumoniae 2. enterobacter 3. serratia 4. citrobacter 5. bacteroides (BECKS)
46
Modifications of these PBP's leads to \_\_\_\_\_. 3 examples
resistant strains 1. MRSA 2. PCN- resistant pneumococcal 3. enterococcal infections
47
what are B-lactamase?
- most common enzymes that induce the hydrolysis of the B-lactam ring and lead to loss of bactericidal activity
48
PCN-g route?
IM or IV
49
The selective toxicity of this class are due to \_\_\_\_\_.
cell wall-- which is not found in human cells
50
Which 4 PCN's are taken PO?
1. Pen V 2. Dicloxacillin 3. amoxicillin/ Augmentin 4. Ampicillin
51
PCN binds to and inactivates \_\_\_\_\_. which are _____ enzymes needed for \_\_\_\_\_\_
PCN-binding proteins; transpeptidase; cell wall synthesis

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

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