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Pharm test #1 > B-Lactam abx > Flashcards

B-Lactam abx Flashcards

1
Q

Dicloxacillin will treat what?

A

skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections, UTI’s, and RTI’s

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2
Q

Amoxicillin is also used for that 4 things?

A
  1. H. Pylori 2. pts with atypical heart valves undergoing oral surery (prophy for endocarditis) 3. tonsillitis 4. Pharyngitis
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3
Q

PCN-G for whcih gram pos Bacilli? (2)

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis 2. Listeria Monocytogenes
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4
Q

PCN-VK is used for _____ infections

A

Minor

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5
Q

What is the most widely prescribed abx and is only given PO?

A

Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Name the 3 B-lactamase inhibitors? MOA?

A
  1. Clavulanic acid 2. Sulbactam 3. Tazobactam *Interact and destroy B-lactamases thus protecting the medication from these enzymes. Often combined with PCN to protect them from hydrolysis (Augmentin, Unasyn, Zosyn)
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7
Q

Nafcillin and Oxacillin treat what?

A

endocarditis, meningitis, bactermia, RTI, skin, bone, and joint infections

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8
Q

anti staphylococcal PCN’s are indicated for?

A

penicillinase-producing staphylococci

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9
Q

PCN-VK is more or less acid stable then PCN- G?

A

More

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10
Q

______ does not have a S in the A ring, and is made up of 6 in the A ring?

A

Cephalosporins

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11
Q

what are the 2 major drugs in this class and their method of action?

A
  1. PCN 2. Cephalosporins - inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidation - only effective on proliferating bugs
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12
Q

extended spectrum PCN’s cause an increased activity in gram neg cocci. which 1?

A

M.Catarrhalis

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13
Q

name the 3 anti staphylococcal PCN’s and their route of admin. Are they broad or narrow?

A
  1. Nafcillin (IV) 2. Oxacillin (IV) 3. Dicloxacillin (PO) Very narrow
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14
Q

Name 2 extended spectrum PCN’s and their route of admin

A
  1. Amoxicillin– ONLY PO 2. Ampicillin– IV or IM
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15
Q

Are PCNs and aminoglycodes synergistic?

A

yes; they enhance the ability of entry to target proteins which in turn increase antimicrobial activity

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16
Q

Name 2 Antipseudomonal PCN’s and route of admin? What are they the 1st line agents for?

A
  1. Ticarcillin– taken off the market 2. Piperacillin– IV or IM - Psuedomonas Aeroginosa
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17
Q

extended spectrum PCN’s cause an increased activity in gram neg. bacilli Which 5?

A
  1. E. coli 2. P. Mirabilis 3. H. influenza 4. Salmonella 5. Shigella (Pro E.Coli HISS)
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18
Q

How does strept pneumo resis PCN?

A
  • by altering the PBP
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19
Q

What blocks the renal tubular secretion of PCN and can be used to prolong their duration of action?

A
  • Probenecid
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20
Q

What is amoxicillin the DOC for?

A

otitis media

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21
Q

All PCN are excreted by ____ except _____, which is excreted by the biliary route?

A

-renal tubule secretion -Nafcillin (biliary)

22
Q

PCN-G is DOC for what 2?

A
  1. Gas Gangrene (clostridium perfringens) 2. syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
23
Q

_______ plus potassium Clauvulanate makes ________

A

Amoxicillin–> Augmentin

24
Q

_____ are very susceptible to PCN. however _____ are not and have a _____ surroudnding the cell wall that obstructs PCN

A

Gram pos.; Gram neg–> external lipopolysaccharide layer

25
Q

What is the DOC for gram pos bacillus listeria Monocytogenes?

A

Ampicillin

26
Q

Which PCN drug is absrobed well, even taken with food?

A

Amoxicillin ** all others should be given 1 hour before or after meals

27
Q

Old anti-stapylococcal that is off the market due to ______

A

Methicillin; nephrotoxicity

28
Q

what are the 3 indications for Depot PCN?

A
  1. URI 2. otitis media 3. Syphilis –> Bicillin L-A only
29
Q

Which one is excreted in bile?

A

Nafcillin

30
Q

Extended spectrum PCN’s are used to tx UTI’s and bacterial cystitis cause by what bugs?

A
  1. E. Coli 2. P. Mirabilis 3. Enterococcus (PEE) ** also used to tx otitis media and RTI
31
Q

Route of PCN-VK?

A

Only oral

32
Q

_____ has a S in the A ring and made up of a 5 A ring?

A

PCN

33
Q

PCN- VK is used for which URI infections? (2)

A
  1. otitis media 2. sinusitis
34
Q

PCN VK is used for what 3 oropharyngeal infections?

A
  1. Pharyngitis 2. tonsillitis 3. scarlet fever
35
Q

What SE’s do Piperacillin, Ticaricillin, and Pen G all have in common?

A

They can cause PLT dysfunction and decreased agglutination

36
Q

PCN-G for which spirochetes? (2)

A
  1. syphilis (T. Pallidum) 2. Weil’s dz (Leptospira)
37
Q

How is resistence formed to Extended spectrum PCN’s ?

A

By the B-Lactamase inhibitors

38
Q

______ plus sulbactam sodium makes _______

A

Ampicillin–> unasyn

39
Q

______ does not have an A ring and does not cause any hypersensitivity

A

Monobactam

40
Q

Are Antipseudomonal PCN’s susceptible to B-lactamase? If so, what medication also includes antimicrobial activity against B-lactamase organisms?

A

Yes; Zosyn

41
Q

PCN-G for which gram pos cocci? (5)

A
  1. strep pyogenes 2. strep agalactiae 3. strep viridans 4. Strep pneumo (some are sensitive) 5. Enterococcus (along with aminoglycoside)
42
Q

Is there a cross reaction with PCN’s and any other drugs?

A

yes, if allergic to PCN, pts should avoid Cephalosporins and Carbapenems

43
Q

What type of SE’s occur with PCN’s?

A

5 percent will have rash or anaphylatic shock

44
Q

Are PCN drugs okay in pregnancy?

A

Yes

45
Q

What do the Antipseudomonal PCN’s treat?

A
  • All the PCN bugs - plus gram neg: 1. klebsiella pneumoniae 2. enterobacter 3. serratia 4. citrobacter 5. bacteroides (BECKS)
46
Q

Modifications of these PBP’s leads to _____. 3 examples

A

resistant strains 1. MRSA 2. PCN- resistant pneumococcal 3. enterococcal infections

47
Q

what are B-lactamase?

A
  • most common enzymes that induce the hydrolysis of the B-lactam ring and lead to loss of bactericidal activity
48
Q

PCN-g route?

A

IM or IV

49
Q

The selective toxicity of this class are due to _____.

A

cell wall– which is not found in human cells

50
Q

Which 4 PCN’s are taken PO?

A
  1. Pen V 2. Dicloxacillin 3. amoxicillin/ Augmentin 4. Ampicillin
51
Q

PCN binds to and inactivates _____. which are _____ enzymes needed for ______

A

PCN-binding proteins; transpeptidase; cell wall synthesis

Pharm test #1 (9 decks)

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