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Paramedic > Intravenous Access > Flashcards

Intravenous Access Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the hydrophilic layer of the cell membrane?

A

Outer layer composed of phosphate groups

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1
Q

The cell membrane is composed of what two parts?

A

Hydrophilic layer

Hydrophobic layer

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2
Q

What is the hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane?

A

The inner layer made up of lipids and fatty acids

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3
Q

What is an electrolyte called that has a positive charge?

A

Cation

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4
Q

What is an electrolyte called that has a negative charge?

A

Anion

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5
Q

What are three major cations of the human body?

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

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6
Q

What are three major anions of the human body?

A

Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphorus

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7
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

There is a greater concentration of sodium out of the cell. Water is drawn out of the cell which causes the cell to collapse from extracellular osmotic pressure

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8
Q

What is hypotonic solution?

A

There is a lower concentration of sodium outside of a cell. Water flows inside the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst from increased intracellular osmotic pressure

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9
Q

Where are the three fluid compartments in the human body located?

A

Intravascular (inside veins)
Intracellular (inside the cell)
Interstitial (outside vascular system surrounding cells)

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10
Q

What are the five basic types of IV solutions?

A 
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Crystalloid
Colloid
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11
Q

What is tonicity?

A

The movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside of the cells

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12
Q

What fluid is used for patients who lost large amounts of blood?

A

Lactated Ringers solution

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13
Q

Where is the buffering compound lactate metabolized and what does it do?

A

It is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate

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14
Q

Who do you never give lactated ringer’s solution to?

A

Patients with liver problems

They can’t metabolize the lactate

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15
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

Has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water doesn’t shift and no change in cell shale occurs

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16
Q

What is D5W solution?

A

An isotonic solution that contains 5% dextrose in water. It is isotonic as long as it remains in bag but turns hypotonic when it is administered and quickly metabolized

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17
Q

What is normal saline?

A

An isotonic solution with .9% sodium chloride

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18
Q

What solution has close to the same osmolarity as serum?

A

Isotonic solutions

19
Q

What solution has an osmolarity less than serum?

A

Hypotonic solution

20
Q

What solution has an osmolarity higher than serum?

A

Hypertonic solution

21
Q

What do hypotonic solutions do?

A

Hydrate cells while depleting the vascular compartment

22
Q

How many mL of isotonic crystalloid solution is needed to replace 1 mL of a patients blood?

A

3 mL

23
Q

What do crystalloid solutions contain?

A

Dissolved crystals (sugars, salt)

24
Q

What makes crystalloid solutions a good choice for prehospital care?

A

The ability of the fluids to cross membranes and alter various fluid levels

25
Q

What do colloid solutions do?

A

Since the molecules in the solution are too large to pass capillary membranes, they stay in vascular compartment and have high osmolarity so they draw fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments into vascular compartments

26
Q

What are colloid solutions made up of mostly?

A

Proteins

27
Q

How many gtt/mL do microdrip sets allow?

A

60 gtt/mL

28
Q

How many gtt/mL do macrodrip sets allow?

A

10-15 gtt/mL

29
Q

What does gtt mean regarding IVs?

A

Drops

30
Q

How are catheters sized?

A

The larger the diameter of the needle, the smaller the gauge size

31
Q

What is a good rule of thumb for choosing catheter size

A

The more distal the IV site, the smaller the catheter gauge size

32
Q

What four colors do blood tubes come in to draw blood?

A

Red
Blue
Green
Lavender

33
Q

What is the pneumonic for the order of filling blood tubes while drawing blood?

A

Red (red)
Blood (blue)
Gives (green)
Life (lavender)

34
Q

What is the drip rate formula?

A

(Volume in mL✖️drip set)➗(Time in minutes) = gtt/Min

35
Q

What are four things you need to include in your documentation regarding IVs?

A

The gauge of the needle
The site
Type of fluid administered
Rate the fluid is running

36
Q

What does antecubital mean?

A

Anterior to the elbow

37
Q

What is the parenchyma of the kidney?

A

Nephron

38
Q

What are three crystalloid solutions?

A

Normal saline (.9% NaCl)
Lactated ringers
D5W

39
Q

What does a bolus mean?

A

Give 20cc/kg

(Person weighs 220lbs
=100kg
20✖️100kg= 2000kg
=2L)

40
Q

What is infiltration?

A

Fluids escape into surrounding tissues during iv

41
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of the vein

42
Q

What does KVO mean? (TKO)

A

Keep vein open (to keep open)

43
Q

What does KVO equal?

A

8-15 gtts/min

44
Q

Where do you deliver intraosseous injections?

A

In the tibia plateau

Two fingers below tuberosity, one finger medially

45
Q

At what location do you insert an intraosseous injection?

A

In the tibial plateau

46
Q

What is it called when you add a hypertonic solution to a blood stream and the cells “dehydrate”?

A

Crenation

Paramedic (31 decks)

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