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Paramedic > Head And Spine Injuries > Flashcards

Head And Spine Injuries Flashcards

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0
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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1
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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2
Q

Which motor/sensory nerve controls the arms?

A

Brachial plexus

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3
Q

Which motor/sensory nerve controls the legs?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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4
Q

What are three major types of peripheral nerves?

A

Sensory nerves
Motor nerves
Connecting nerves

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5
Q

What two places are connecting nerves found only?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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6
Q

Which peripheral nerves carry info from body to brain via spinal cord?

A

Sensory nerves

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7
Q

Which peripheral nerves sends info fro CNS to muscles?

A

Motor nerves

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8
Q

What do connecting nerves do?

A

Connect sensory and motor nerves with short fibers, which allows cells on either end to exchange messages

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9
Q

What connects the mandible to the cranium?

A

The temporomandibular joint

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10
Q

What two large structures make up the skull?

A

Cranium

Face

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11
Q

How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?

A

33

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12
Q

What are the five sections of the spinal column?

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
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13
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spinal column?

A

7

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14
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spinal column?

A

12

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15
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spinal column?

A

5

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16
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum spinal column?

A

5

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17
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx spinal column?

A

4

18
Q

What are intervertebral disks?

A

Cushions that lie between vertebraes

19
Q

What is distracted regarding the spine?

A

Action of pulling the spine along its length

Hangings

20
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Can remember everything but events leading up to injury

21
Q

What is antegrade amnesia?

A

Inability to remember events after an injury

22
Q

Where do subdural hematoma’s occur?

A

Beneath the dura but outside the brain

23
Q

Where do intracerebral hematoma’s occur?

A

Within the parenchyma of the brain

24
Q

Where do epidural hematomas occur?

A

Outside the dura and under the skull

25
Q

What is a sign of intracranial pressure following a head injury?

A

Rapid deterioration of neurologic signs

26
Q

What is the only indication for hyperventilating a patient with a head injury?

A

Evidence of cerebral herniation such as abnormal pupils and only after hypotension and hypoexemia have been addressed

27
Q

What three signs make make up the Cushing triad?

A

Increased blood pressure
Decreased pulse
Irregular respirations

28
Q

What two things is Cushing triad a sign of?

A

Cerebral edema

Increased intracranial pressure

29
Q

What is a common response to head injuries especially in children?

A

Vomiting because of increased intracranial pressure

30
Q

What is cranial nerve 3?

A

Oculomotor nerve

31
Q

Ah what gcs score should you consider intubation?

A

Less than 9

32
Q

What is brain herniation?

A

Brain pushing out from where it belongs

33
Q

What are two signs of brain herniation?

A 
Change in pupils
Abnormal posturing (decorticate/decerebrate)
34
Q

What is the freely movable sheet of connective tissue that helps deflect a blow to the head called?

A

Gales aponerotica

35
Q

What causes diffuse axonal injury? (DAI)

A

Effect of rapid acceleration/deceleration

36
Q

What occurs during a complete cord transection?

A

All tracts of the spinal cord are completely disrupted

37
Q

What function do you lose with anterior cord syndrome?

A

Loss of motor function

38
Q

What function do you lose with posterior cord syndrome?

A

Loss of sensory function

39
Q

What occurs with central cord syndrome?

A

Weakness in upper extremities

Normal strength in lower

40
Q

What is brown-sequard syndrome?

A

Hemisection of spinal cord on one side

41
Q

What two things does brown-sequard syndrome cause?

A

Motor and sensory loss on same side of injury

Some sensation loss on opposite side

42
Q

What is spinal shock?

A

Temporary loss of all spinal cord function distal to injury

Paramedic (31 decks)

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